12 Questions
What defines Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)?
Presence of tyrosine kinase activity
How do RTKs behave in their monomeric form?
They are inactive
What happens to RTKs when they bind one ligand molecule?
They dimerize
Which receptors are an exception to the typical dimerization pattern of RTKs?
Insulin and IGF-1 receptors
What binds to the N-terminal extracellular ligand binding domains of RTKs?
One molecule of ligand
How many receptor tyrosine kinases are encoded in the human genome?
58
What distinguishes the carboxy terminals of RTKs like insulin/IGF-1 receptors and FGFR from others?
Insertion of non-TK amino acids
What is a characteristic feature of the nuclear receptors?
They form heterodimers with RXR to bind DNA sequences
How do receptors for cortisol and aldosterone behave prior to ligand binding?
They are bound to chaperone proteins in the cytoplasm
What is the function of the N-terminal sequence in nuclear receptors?
It regulates gene transcription independently of ligand binding
How are the receptors for thyroid hormone and 1α,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 typically found in target cells?
Bound to chaperone proteins in the nucleus
What distinguishes about half of the nuclear receptors according to the text?
Activity-modulating ligands have not been identified for them
Learn about Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs), a type of single membrane-spanning receptors with tyrosine kinase activity for initiating signal transduction. Explore the structure and functions of the 58 RTKs encoded in the human genome.
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