cAMP Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of protein kinase A (PKA) in cellular signaling?

  • Phosphorylates specific substrate proteins (correct)
  • Inactivates cAMP by converting it to AMP
  • Stimulates the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores
  • Hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)
  • What is the function of phosphodiesterase in cellular signaling?

  • Activates protein kinases by removing activating phosphate groups
  • Promotes the activation of PKC and other Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases
  • Deactivates protein kinases by removing activating phosphate groups
  • Inactivates cAMP by converting it to AMP (correct)
  • What is the function of phospholipase C (PLC) in the second messenger pathway?

  • Activates protein kinases by removing activating phosphate groups
  • Recruits and activates Protein Kinase C (PKC)
  • Produces diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) (correct)
  • Stimulates the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores
  • How does inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) contribute to cellular signaling?

    <p>Stimulates the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of autophosphorylation in cellular signaling?

    <p>Allows protein kinases to become persistently activated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the downstream effect of increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in cellular signaling?

    <p>Promotes the activation of PKC and other Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) upon ligand binding?

    <p>Dimerize and autophosphorylate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which peptide hormones can activate Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)?

    <p>Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor directly opens the ion channel upon binding of the neurotransmitter?

    <p>Ligand-gated channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of autophosphorylation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)?

    <p>Activation of downstream signaling cascades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of G protein-coupled receptors in intracellular signaling?

    <p>Stimulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from ATP?

    <p>Adenylyl Cyclase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do second messengers like cAMP affect synaptic transmission?

    <p>They modulate fast synaptic transmission by regulating pre- or postsynaptic membrane actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of protein kinase AKT in intracellular signaling pathways?

    <p>Activation of downstream signaling cascades for cell survival and growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the inactive state, the stimulatory G protein (Gs) consists of which subunits bound to GDP?

    <pre><code>ext{a(s)}, eta, and ext{y} </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when PKA translocates to the nucleus in response to sustained receptor activation?

    <p>It phosphorylates transcription factors that alter gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptors is responsible for initiating a second-messenger cascade or acting directly on ion channels?

    <p>G protein-coupled receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates a cascade of protein phosphorylation reactions in long-term synaptic changes?

    <p>Receptor tyrosine kinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

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