Reasoning Models: Deductive, Inductive, and Abductive
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Questions and Answers

What is heredity?

The characteristics that a child receives from their parents and ancestors at the time of conception or gestation are called heredity.

What is Beejmain's principle of germplasm?

According to this principle, the germinal substance that forms the body is never destroyed, it is transferred from one generation to the next.

According to Beejmain's principle, the acquired qualities are not transferred to the next generation?

True (A)

According to Lamarck, are acquired qualities transferred to the next generation?

<p>Yes, according to this principle, acquired qualities are transmitted. Example - neck of giraffe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Galton's Biometric principle, where do children inherit their qualities from?

<p>According to this principle, children inherit qualities not only from their parents but also from their ancestors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tell me about Mendel's principle.

<p>Mendel, using black and white chickpea and pea seeds, concluded that differences are found even in the offspring produced by single parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is one of the principles of heredity?

<p>All mentioned. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Pari' mean, in the context of environment?

<p>From all sides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Ross, what is the environment?

<p>According to Ross, the environment is any external force that affects us.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is family environment?

<p>Family is the main means of informal education, in which the mother plays an important role because she is the first teacher for the child, through whom education of 'sanskaras' is imparted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Frobels, what role does mother and family play?

<p>According to Frobels, &quot;Mothers are ideal educators,&quot; and education imparted by the family is important and effective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Pestalozzi, what is family?

<p>According to Pestalozzi - &quot;family is the best place to learn and the child's first school.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors included in the family environment? (Select all that apply)

<p>Biased behavior (A), Financial status of the family (B), Parental love and affection (C), Strict control and discipline etc. (D), Parents' stressful marital life (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mendel's Principle

Mendel's observations show offspring can vary, even with similar parental traits.

Principle of Heredity

Principle explaining how traits are passed from parents to offspring.

Principle of Similarity

Offspring resemble their parents in traits and characteristics.

Principle of Variation

Offspring may differ from their parents with some differences.

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Principle of Regression

Offspring may show traits that are opposite to parents' traits.

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Environment

External factors influencing development, meaning 'surrounding'.

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Family Environment

Primary setting for informal education, significant for child development.

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Mother's Role

Mothers often serve as the first teachers in a child's life.

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Informal Education

Learning that occurs in non-structured settings like the family.

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Froebel's View

Froebel believed mothers are ideal teachers and families greatly impact learning.

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Pestalozzi's View

Pestalozzi stated that family is the best place for a child's learning.

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Factors Affecting Family Environment

Elements like financial status and parental dynamics influence family learning.

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Heredity

Primary factor influencing child development through genetics at conception.

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Continuity of Germplasm

Crucial genetic material is passed down generations without loss.

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Non-transmission of Acquired Traits

Acquired traits during life are not passed to offspring, per Weismann.

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Transmission of Acquired Traits

Lamarck's theory that traits developed during life can be inherited.

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Biometric Principles

Galton's idea that traits are transmitted from ancestors, not just parents.

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Development Factors

Various influences that affect child development and learning.

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External Forces

Outside influences that shape individual growth and development.

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Child Development

The process through which children grow and acquire skills and knowledge.

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Environment's Role in Development

The environment plays a crucial role in holistic child development.

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Financial Status Impact

Family's financial situation affects the development and learning opportunities.

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Marital Life Effect

Unsatisfactory parental relationships can hinder child development and learning.

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Biased Treatment

Unequal treatment among children can impact development negatively.

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Excessive Indulgence

Overly pampering parenting can lead to issues in child behavior and development.

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Strict Discipline

Harsh rules can restrict a child's developmental freedom and creativity.

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Cultural Influences

Cultural context shapes children’s values, beliefs, and behaviors.

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Social Environment

The social conditions surrounding a child that affect their development.

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Play Environment

The play settings available which encourage social and cognitive growth.

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Physical Environment

The physical surroundings that impact development, like housing quality.

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Study Notes

Models of Reasoning

  • Models of reasoning - Models of different types of reasoning (e.g., deductive, inductive) are used to understand how people reason.
  • Deductive reasoning - Deductive - used to start with a general statement and then draw a conclusion based on those general statements.
  • Inductive reasoning - Inductive - used to start with specific observations and draw a conclusion based on patterns in those observations.

Types of Reasoning

  • Deductive reasoning - Deductive reasoning is when you start with a general statement and draw a conclusion based on those general statements.
  • Inductive reasoning - Inductive reasoning begins with specific observations to draw a conclusion based on patterns.
  • Abductive reasoning - Abductive reasoning involves selecting the explanation that is most likely to explain a set of observations.

Family Situations

  • Family situations - Family situations include factors like family characteristics, family communication, family relationships, parental behaviors, and family traditions.
  • Family characteristics - Traits of families like their size, structure, and traditions.
  • Family communication - The way families communicate influences their dynamic.
  • Family relationships - Bonds between family members.
  • Parental behaviors - The actions of parents in family environments.
  • Family traditions - Traditions are part of family cultures.

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Explore different reasoning models: deductive, inductive, and abductive. Deductive reasoning starts with general statements, while inductive reasoning draws conclusions from specific observations. Abductive reasoning selects the most likely explanation from observations.

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