Real Estate Terminology Concepts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the expense associated with the movement of people and things called?

  • Hard costs
  • Transfer costs (correct)
  • Linkages
  • Soft costs

How is a property's market area defined?

  • The area within which functional obsolescence is operative
  • A precisely definable area in terms of boundaries
  • The geographic area from which tenants will be drawn (correct)
  • Determined by subdivision controls and zoning regulations

What defines a shopping center's trade area?

  • The approximate geographical area from which tenants will be drawn
  • The geographic area from which the major portion of patronage is drawn (correct)
  • Determined by physical barriers to the flow of customer traffic
  • The area within which travel time does not exceed approximately fifteen minutes

What is the term for the loss of functional efficiency due to defective or dated design?

<p>Functional obsolescence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does potential gross income represent for a property?

<p>Potential gross income (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct definition of operating expenses?

<p>Costs associated with the management and maintenance of a property (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for economic obsolescence?

<p>External obsolescence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes how well a property is designed to perform its intended job?

<p>Functional efficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When looking for comparable properties, which factor can limit the selection?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not classified as an operating expense?

<p>Income taxes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does economic efficiency relate to in property management?

<p>The generation of revenue relative to expenses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is essential for assessing the functional efficiency of a property?

<p>The design layout (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does effective gross income account for when determining the rental revenue of a property?

<p>Losses from vacancies and uncollectible accounts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is net operating income calculated?

<p>Effective gross income minus operating expenses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a non-operating cash flow that might be included in an operating statement?

<p>Capital expenditures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Transfer costs

The expenses associated with the movement of people and goods between locations, influenced by activity at a certain place.

Market area of a property

The geographic area from which tenants are likely to come to a property.

Potential gross income

The revenue a property would generate if fully occupied at market rents, without accounting for uncollectible rent.

Trade area of a shopping center

The geographic area from which a shopping center draws the majority of its customers.

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Functional obsolescence

A decrease in value due to a property's outdated or inefficient design, even if it's in good physical condition.

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Effective gross income

The income remaining after deducting operating expenses (excluding debt service) from the potential gross income.

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Operating expenses

The expenses associated with the day-to-day operation of a property, like utilities, property taxes, and maintenance.

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Gross income

The total income a property generates after subtracting vacancy allowance from the potential gross income.

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Functional Efficiency

The ability of a property to effectively perform its intended function. It considers how well a property is designed and built for its intended purpose, and whether it meets the needs of its users.

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Forecasting Future Benefits

A method of predicting future profits or returns from a real estate investment. It considers past performance, anticipated changes in the market, and potential future trends.

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Factors Limiting Comparable Properties

Factors that narrow down the search for properties to use as comparable samples in real estate valuation. These factors include the location, amenities, and functional efficiency of similar properties.

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Property Taxes

A type of operating expense, often a major expense, that refers to taxes levied by a local government on a property based on its value.

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Maintenance Fees

A type of operating expense that includes costs associated with maintaining the physical condition of a property, such as repairs, renovations, and routine upkeep.

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Income Taxes

A type of tax that's not considered an operating expense in real estate. It's a tax on income generated from a property, not an expense related to its operation.

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Potential Gross Rent

The total potential income a property could generate if fully occupied at market rents, without considering vacancies or bad debts.

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Net Operating Income (NOI)

The difference between effective gross income and operating expenses, showing how much income is left after paying to run the property.

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After-Tax Cash Flow

The cash flow remaining after paying all operating expenses, debt payments, and income taxes. Represents the investor's return.

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Study Notes

Real Estate Terminology and Concepts

  • Transfer Costs: Expenses associated with the movement of people and goods.

  • Effective Gross Income (EGI): A property's potential gross income minus vacancy and collection losses. Calculated as Potential Gross Income- Vacancy Allowance - Other Income. Example: $1,500,000 (potential gross) - $45,000 (vacancy) - $9,000 (other) = $1,446,000 (Effective Gross Income).

  • Market Area: The geographic area from which tenants are drawn. It isn't precisely defined, nor determined by subdivision, zoning, or obsolescence. It defines the geographic area from which tenants are likely to be drawn.

  • Trade Area: The area from which the majority of a shopping center's patronage comes, not necessarily the area within a 15-minute travel time or limited by physical barriers.

  • Functional Obsolescence: Loss of efficiency due to defective or outdated design.

  • Potential Gross Income (PGI): The income a property would generate if fully occupied at market rates, with no uncollectible rent.

  • Functional Efficiency: How well a property is designed to perform its intended purpose.

  • Future Benefit Forecasting: Includes factors like past operating history, social/political changes, and market value changes. All of these contribute to evaluating future benefit.

  • Comparable Property Search Limitations: Factors (amenities, efficiency, location) that limit the selection of comparable properties. Comparable properties should be chosen from within the defined market area, and should be close substitutes from tenant's perspectives.

  • Operating Expenses: Costs of maintaining and operating a property (property taxes, maintenance, etc.) but not income taxes.

  • Net Operating Income (NOI): The difference between effective gross income and operating expenses.

  • Debt Service: Costs of borrowing money to acquire property, a cash flow factor.

  • Operating Statement: Shows cash inflows/outflows from operations + non-operating cash flows such as debt service, income taxes, and capital expenditures. Traditional operating statements are based on accrual accounting principals, but real estate analysts prefer actual cash flows, which is the concern.

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