Podcast
Questions and Answers
What must laboratory personnel do if the results of a positive control reading do not agree with the published value?
What must laboratory personnel do if the results of a positive control reading do not agree with the published value?
Which step is essential before testing refrigerated specimens?
Which step is essential before testing refrigerated specimens?
What could cause inaccurate results when using reagent strips?
What could cause inaccurate results when using reagent strips?
Why is it important to understand the principles and significance of urinalysis tests?
Why is it important to understand the principles and significance of urinalysis tests?
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What is a notable example of reagent strip interference?
What is a notable example of reagent strip interference?
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What should be done with excess urine on the strip after dipping?
What should be done with excess urine on the strip after dipping?
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What is the recommended way to compare reaction colors on the strip?
What is the recommended way to compare reaction colors on the strip?
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Which of these actions is NOT recommended when testing with reagent strips?
Which of these actions is NOT recommended when testing with reagent strips?
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What is the primary purpose of the Micral-Test reagent strips?
What is the primary purpose of the Micral-Test reagent strips?
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Which of the following is a common source of false positives in urine testing?
Which of the following is a common source of false positives in urine testing?
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What is the sensitivity range for Multistix albumin detection?
What is the sensitivity range for Multistix albumin detection?
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How does the ImmunoDip reagent strip detect albumin in the urine?
How does the ImmunoDip reagent strip detect albumin in the urine?
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What is considered significant microalbuminuria?
What is considered significant microalbuminuria?
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What type of specimens are recommended for accurate results when using these reagent strips?
What type of specimens are recommended for accurate results when using these reagent strips?
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Which condition is associated with renal issues due to postural proteinuria?
Which condition is associated with renal issues due to postural proteinuria?
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What can cause a false negative result during albumin testing?
What can cause a false negative result during albumin testing?
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What is the primary purpose of confirmatory tests?
What is the primary purpose of confirmatory tests?
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What is the main principle behind traditional reagent strip testing for protein?
What is the main principle behind traditional reagent strip testing for protein?
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What happens to the bound conjugates during the albumin testing process?
What happens to the bound conjugates during the albumin testing process?
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Which control tests should be performed on new reagents?
Which control tests should be performed on new reagents?
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What procedure is used for detecting proteins in urine through precipitation?
What procedure is used for detecting proteins in urine through precipitation?
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Which reagent strip has a higher sensitivity for detecting albumin?
Which reagent strip has a higher sensitivity for detecting albumin?
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How does the advent of automated strip readers affect the use of confirmatory tests?
How does the advent of automated strip readers affect the use of confirmatory tests?
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Which of the following may cause false positives in urine protein tests?
Which of the following may cause false positives in urine protein tests?
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What is the typical pH range for normal random urine specimens?
What is the typical pH range for normal random urine specimens?
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What is the significance of the albumin excretion rate (AER) in microalbuminuria testing?
What is the significance of the albumin excretion rate (AER) in microalbuminuria testing?
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Which of the following conditions is typically linked to podocyte injury in the glomeruli?
Which of the following conditions is typically linked to podocyte injury in the glomeruli?
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When should confirmatory tests be performed according to facility protocol?
When should confirmatory tests be performed according to facility protocol?
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What is the significance of testing highly pigmented specimens?
What is the significance of testing highly pigmented specimens?
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During which phase is increased pressure on the renal vein most concerning?
During which phase is increased pressure on the renal vein most concerning?
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What pH is typically found in a first morning urine specimen?
What pH is typically found in a first morning urine specimen?
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Why is it necessary to check the chemical reliability of confirmatory tests?
Why is it necessary to check the chemical reliability of confirmatory tests?
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What may cause a false-negative result in glucose testing?
What may cause a false-negative result in glucose testing?
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What is the primary reason for false-negative glucose results?
What is the primary reason for false-negative glucose results?
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What substance does the copper reduction test primarily measure for glucose?
What substance does the copper reduction test primarily measure for glucose?
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What color indicates a negative result in the copper reduction test?
What color indicates a negative result in the copper reduction test?
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What can occur at high glucose levels during the copper reduction test?
What can occur at high glucose levels during the copper reduction test?
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What temperature condition may affect the sensitivity of glucose measurements?
What temperature condition may affect the sensitivity of glucose measurements?
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During the copper reduction test, how should the sample be observed?
During the copper reduction test, how should the sample be observed?
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What color transition occurs in the copper reduction test from no glucose to high glucose levels?
What color transition occurs in the copper reduction test from no glucose to high glucose levels?
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Study Notes
Reagent Strip Testing Fundamentals
- Reagent strips are designed for ionic concentrations similar to urine for accurate testing.
- Performance of negative controls must yield negative readings, while positive controls should align with published values.
- Misleading results may arise from interfering substances, technical errors, and color blindness.
- Awareness of reagent strip limitations is essential, including specific interferences, such as those caused by phenazopyridine compounds.
Confirmatory Testing
- Confirmatory tests utilize different reagents to detect substances with similar or higher sensitivity.
- Routine confirmatory tests have declined due to improved specificity and sensitivity of modern reagent strips.
- Non-reagent testing options like tablets and liquid chemicals can be employed for questionable results.
- Confirmatory tests provide further validation for positive outcomes previously identified by reagent strips.
Quality Control Measures
- Open bottles of reagent strips require testing against known positive and negative controls per facility protocols.
- Control results that fall outside acceptable ranges necessitate further testing to determine accuracy.
- New reagents and bottles should also be tested against positive and negative controls.
- Recording control results and reagent lot numbers is important for traceability.
pH and Urine Characteristics
- Normal urine pH ranges from 4.5 to 8.0; first morning specimens are typically slightly acidic at pH 5.0 to 6.0.
- Alkaline urine may occur post-meal, known as the alkaline tide.
Microalbuminuria Testing Historical Context
- Detection of microalbuminuria initially involved a 24-hour urine collection and quantitative albumin testing.
- Significant values were established at 30 to 300 mg in 24 hours or an albumin excretion rate (AER) of 20 to 200 µg/min.
Reagent Strip Reactions
- Traditional protein testing uses colorimetric reactions relying on the protein error of indicators, notably albumin.
- Immunochemical assays, such as Micral-Test and ImmunoDip, provide alternative methods for albumin detection in urine.
Copper Reduction Test
- The copper reduction test measures glucose via the ability of glucose to reduce copper sulfate to cuprous oxide.
- Color changes during the test range from blue (negative) to orange/red (positive), needing careful observation to avoid false negatives (pass-through phenomenon).
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Description
Explore the essential concepts behind reagent strip testing, including the importance of negative and positive controls. Understand the relevance of confirmatory tests and various quality control measures to ensure accurate testing results. The quiz covers the limitations and potential interferences related to reagent strips.
