30 Questions
What is the clinical significance of proteinuria?
Degrees include mild, moderate, and heavy
What type of proteinuria is associated with true renal disease?
Renal Proteinuria
Which condition leads to Orthostatic (Postural) Proteinuria?
Strenuous exercise
What is the principle behind protein detection in urine?
Protein error of indicator
In which type of proteinuria is increased albumin an important feature?
Tubular Proteinuria
What are proteins added in the urine in postrenal proteinuria mostly composed of?
Prostatic fluid/spermatozoa
What is the typical pH range for a first morning urine specimen from a healthy individual?
5.0 to 6.0
Which condition can affect the pH of urine?
All of the above
What is the principle behind the pH test for urine?
Double indicator system
What is the typical color range observed in the urine specific gravity test?
Blue-green-yellow
What is the principle behind the specific gravity test for urine?
pKa change of polyelectrolytes
What is the major serum protein typically found in normal urine?
Albumin
What should be done with refrigerated specimens before reagent strip testing?
Allow them to warm to room temperature.
What should be done to ensure accurate results when using reagent strips?
Compare the reaction colors with a manufacturer's chart.
How should excess urine be removed before comparing reaction colors with the manufacturer's chart?
Withdraw the strip against the rim of the container and blot the edge of the strip.
How can interference with reagent strip testing be minimized?
Be alert for the presence of interfering substances.
What is a recommended quality control practice for reagent strips?
Resolve control results that are out of range by further testing.
Why is it important to relate chemical findings to physical and microscopic urinalysis results?
To understand the principles and significance of the test.
What is the purpose of testing precipitation on centrifuged specimens?
To remove extraneous contamination
Which substances result in a false positive in precipitation tests?
Mucin
What color represents positive results for albumin in the MICRAL TEST?
Red
How long is the IMMUNODIP strip placed in the urine specimen?
3 minutes
What does a darker bottom band represent in the IMMUNODIP test?
Negative result
What do equal band colors in IMMUNODIP suggest?
$1.2$ to $1.8$ mg/dL of albumin
What does the Watson-Schwartz Differentiation Test help differentiate?
Urobilinogen, porphobilinogen, and Ehrlich-reactive compound
What color represents a positive result in the Ehrlich's Tube Test for urobilinogen?
Cherry red
In the Chloroform Extraction of substances like urobilinogen, what color does urine turn in the top layer of butanol extraction?
Colorless
What is the significance of a red color in the Watson-Schwartz Differentiation Test?
Indicates the presence of urobilinogen
What reaction principle is used in the UROBILINOGEN test according to the text?
Ehrlich reaction
What medical condition can be associated with hyperglycemia according to the text?
Diabetes mellitus
Learn the proper care techniques for reagent strips used in testing, including storing, handling, and preparing specimens. Understand the importance of letting refrigerated specimens warm to room temperature before testing.
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