Readings in Philippine History Quiz: Definition and Subject Matter

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Social History?

Documenting the history of science

Studying past connections among different cultural groups (correct)

Analyzing economic trends throughout history

Exploring historical events related to wars

In the context of Economic History, what role do historians play?

Tracing the evolution of economic systems and trends (correct)

Analyzing the impact of environmental changes on society

Highlighting significant breakthroughs in art movements

Focusing on documenting diplomatic relations between nations

Which field of study focuses on the analysis of artistic movements and cultural expressions?

Political History

Environmental History

Art History (correct)

Social History

What aspect does Diplomatic History primarily deal with?

Studying political relationships between nations Signup and view all the answers

Political History mainly focuses on which of the following?

Studying significant political events and developments Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of history is concerned with analyzing the intellectual developments and ideas over time?

Cultural History Signup and view all the answers

Which type of source is the Minutes of the Commonwealth Constitution Convention of 1935?

Primary source Signup and view all the answers

What type of source would a book analyzing and interpreting the Philippine Revolution of 1896 be considered?

Secondary source Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a primary source related to the Philippine Revolution of 1896?

Documents of the Katipunan Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of scrutinizing historical sources according to the text?

To avoid deception and uncover historical truth Signup and view all the answers

Why is conducting external and internal criticism important for historians when assessing sources?

To check for biases and errors in the source Signup and view all the answers

In what way do secondary sources differ from primary sources?

They offer interpretations and analysis of historical events Signup and view all the answers

Why do historians need to be objective and impartial?

To prevent bias in historical narratives Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Postcolonialism in relation to identity?

Highlighting identities free from colonial influences Signup and view all the answers

Why is it problematic that history is always written by victors?

It leads to a one-sided and biased view of historical events Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the historian according to the text?

To give meaning to historical facts and organize them Signup and view all the answers

How did the Annales School of History differentiate itself?

By marrying history with other disciplines like geography and anthropology Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for historical research to have rigor?

To ensure accuracy and reliability of findings Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition and Subject Matter of History

History is the study of the past, derived from the Greek word "HISTORIA" meaning "knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation."
It is a discipline that has existed for around 2,400 years, as old as mathematics and philosophy.
Historians traditionally focused on writing about wars, revolutions, and other important breakthroughs.

Branches of History

Political History
Social History
Economic History
Art History
Diplomatic History
Cultural History
Intellectual History
Environmental History
History of Science
Women’s History

Questions and Issues in History

Historiography is the history of history.
History unites a nation by forging a sense of collective identity through collective memory.
Lessons from the past can be used to make sense of the present and to avoid repeating mistakes.

Positivism

Requires empirical and observable evidence before claiming a particular knowledge is true.
Historians are expected to be objective and impartial.

Illustrados and Postcolonialism

Illustrados wrote history intended for the Spaniards.
Postcolonialism grapples with creating identities and understanding societies against the shadows of colonial past.

Problems Confronted by History

History is often written by the victors, biased towards the powerful and dominant players.

The Historian's Job

A historian's job is not only to seek historical evidence and facts but also to interpret those facts.
The historian gives meaning to the facts and organizes them into a timeline.

The Annales School of History

A school of history born in France, marrying history with disciplines like geography, anthropology, archaeology, and linguistics.
Notable Annales scholars include Lucian Febvre, Marc Bloch, Fernand Braudel, and Jacques Le Goff.

Historical Sources

Historical sources are a historian's most important tool.
Sources can be classified into PRIMARY SOURCES and SECONDARY SOURCES.

Primary Sources

Produced at the same time as the event, period, or subject being studied.
Examples include:
- Commonwealth Constitution Convention of 1935 Minutes of the convention
- Newspaper clippings
- Philippine Commission Reports of the US Commissioners
- Records of the convention
- Draft of the Constitution
- Photographs of the event
- Eyewitness accounts
- Archival documents, artifacts, memorabilia, letters, census, and government records.

Secondary Sources

Produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the material.
Examples include:
- Teodoro Agoncillo's "Revolt of Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan" published originally in 1956.

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Description

Explore the origins and meaning of history as a field of study, tracing its roots back to the Greek word 'historia'. Learn about how history is defined as the study of the past through written documents and historical evidence, focusing on various aspects like wars, revolutions, and cultural developments.