Reading Theorists Flashcards

Stage Models of Reading

• Developed by Ehri, Chall, Gough, and Firth; outlines stages in which students enhance reading strategies.
• Key strategies include phonetic awareness, utilization of Elkonin boxes, and letter identification.

Emergent Literacy Theory

• Proposed by Clay; emphasizes interconnectedness of listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
• Children's literacy development is influenced by their literacy-rich environments and experiences.

Family Literacy Theory

• Introduced by Taylor; encompasses three viewpoints: educating families, linking family literacy to academic literacy, and understanding literacy's contextual use at home.
• Stresses family involvement, books exposure, and read-aloud practices.

Interactive Compensatory Model

• Stanovich's approach highlights nonlinear reading processes using simultaneous syntactic, semantic, orthographic, and lexical information.
• Encourages teaching students to adapt their strategies based on context and need.

Phonological-Core Variable Difference Model

• Describes a "fan spread" effect related to phonics and comprehension, emphasizing phonemic awareness and letter identification.
• Addresses challenges faced by readers with processing disorders.

Socio-Cultural Theory

• Developed by Bronfenbrenner; posits that social, cultural, economic, and political factors significantly shape individual development.
• Encourages activating prior knowledge and making contextual connections.

Social Learning Theory

• Bandura's theory posits that learning occurs through observation and modeling.
• Highlights the influence of role models in the learning process.

Classical Conditioning

• Explored by Pavlov and Watson; describes how stimuli lead to conditioned responses, both positive and negative.
• Relevant in educational contexts, such as Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS).

Connectionism

• Proposed by Thorndike; suggests that stimuli and behaviors influence future actions.
• Incorporates collaborative learning methods like think-pair-share and buddy reading.

Operant Conditioning

• B.F. Skinner's concept that behavior modification arises from reinforcement or punishment.
• Promotes group incentives and recognition to encourage desired behaviors.

Schema Theory

• Bartlett's theory posits that existing knowledge structures are modified as new information is integrated.
• Supports activating prior knowledge and background building in learning.

Metacognition

• Defined by Flavell and Brown; involves using reading strategies to improve comprehension.
• Emphasizes techniques like fix-up strategies, think-alouds, and explicit instruction.

Theory of Cognitive Development

• Piaget's theory asserts that children's thinking evolves over time, influenced by internal and external factors.
• Highlights the importance of experiential learning and social interactions in development.

Theory of Literacy Development

• Holdaway's perspective views reading as a natural skill, influenced by parental modeling and school experiences.
• Advocates for shared reading, re-reading, and fostering rich literacy environments.

Information Processing Model

• Developed by Atkinson and Shifrin; posits that information undergoes sequential processing in three stages.
• Underpins lesson planning and teaching sequences.

Gough's Model

• Gough's cognitive model indicates progression from lower-order to higher-order processing levels.
• Integrates higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) and guided reading strategies.

Interactive Model

• Rumelhart's theory demonstrates the convergence of cognitive and visual information during reading processes.

Parallel Distributed Processing Model

• Stanovich's model suggests that information is stored as interconnected representations in the brain.
• Relates to multiple areas of reading instruction and rapid letter identification skills.

Dual-Route Cascaded Model

• Proposed by Colhear & Rastle; outlines two pathways for processing words, linking whole language to grammar proficiency in better readers.
• Emphasizes phonemic and morpheme awareness along with the use of leveled texts.

Double-Deficit Hypothesis

• Developed by Wolf & Bowers; identifies three categories for reading disabilities, particularly dyslexia, focusing on phonological processing and rapid naming.
• Incorporates Response to Intervention (RTI) strategies, RAVE-O programs, and small group instruction.

Inquiry Learning

• Dewey's approach revolves around aligning learning with student interests, fostering problem-solving skills, and developing engaged citizens.
• Encourages student choice and cooperative learning experiences.

Zone of Proximal Development

• Vygotsky's concept asserts that students achieve optimal learning in their 'zone' where tasks are neither too easy nor too difficult.
• Highlights the need for balanced challenges in learning environments.