Reading Theorists Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which theorists are associated with the Stage Models of Reading?

Ehri

Chall

Gough

All of the above (correct)

What is the Emergent Literacy Theory related to?

It relates to the interconnectedness of listening, speaking, reading, and writing, highlighting that a literacy-rich home leads to a literacy-rich child.

What does the Family Literacy Theory emphasize?

It emphasizes educating families, the relationship between family literacy and academic literacy, and the context literacy is used at home.

What type of approach does the Interactive Compensatory Model suggest?

Non-linear approach Signup and view all the answers

What is the Phonological-Core Variable Difference Model related to?

It is related to a reader's ability to comprehend phonics/phonemes and the impact of processing disorders. Signup and view all the answers

What factors shape an individual's development in the Socio-Cultural Theory?

Social, cultural, economical, and political factors. Signup and view all the answers

In Social Learning Theory, people learn by observing others.

True Signup and view all the answers

What does Classical Conditioning explain?

It explains how a stimulus results in a response, which can be positive or negative. Signup and view all the answers

Define Connectionism.

It is the principle that a stimulus after behaviors results in future behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What does Operant Conditioning involve?

It involves modifying behavior based on reinforcement or punishment. Signup and view all the answers

What is Schema Theory about?

It posits that knowledge may be rearranged as new information is added. Signup and view all the answers

What does Metacognition refer to?

It refers to the awareness and control of one's own learning processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Theory of Cognitive Development by Piaget about?

It discusses how children's thought processes change over time, influenced by internal and external factors. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Theory of Literacy Development emphasize?

It emphasizes that reading is a natural process supported by modeling and recreating experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Information Processing Model explain?

It explains how information is stored and processed in three stages. Signup and view all the answers

What does Gough's Model focus on?

It focuses on cognitive processing that proceeds from lower to higher levels. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Interactive Model of reading?

It involves the simultaneous convergence of thought and visual information. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Parallel Distributed Processing Model explain?

It explains that information is stored in the brain as a series of connections. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Dual-Route Cascaded Model propose?

It proposes computer-based processing of words through two routes based on different approaches. Signup and view all the answers

What categories does the Double-Deficit Hypothesis outline?

It outlines two areas for dyslexic readers: phonological processing and rapid naming. Signup and view all the answers

What is Inquiry Learning based on?

It is based on student interest and encourages problem-solving. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Zone of Proximal Development?

It is the optimal learning zone where tasks are neither too easy nor too difficult. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stage Models of Reading

Developed by Ehri, Chall, Gough, and Firth; outlines stages in which students enhance reading strategies.
Key strategies include phonetic awareness, utilization of Elkonin boxes, and letter identification.

Emergent Literacy Theory

Proposed by Clay; emphasizes interconnectedness of listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
Children's literacy development is influenced by their literacy-rich environments and experiences.

Family Literacy Theory

Introduced by Taylor; encompasses three viewpoints: educating families, linking family literacy to academic literacy, and understanding literacy's contextual use at home.
Stresses family involvement, books exposure, and read-aloud practices.

Interactive Compensatory Model

Stanovich's approach highlights nonlinear reading processes using simultaneous syntactic, semantic, orthographic, and lexical information.
Encourages teaching students to adapt their strategies based on context and need.

Phonological-Core Variable Difference Model

Describes a "fan spread" effect related to phonics and comprehension, emphasizing phonemic awareness and letter identification.
Addresses challenges faced by readers with processing disorders.

Socio-Cultural Theory

Developed by Bronfenbrenner; posits that social, cultural, economic, and political factors significantly shape individual development.
Encourages activating prior knowledge and making contextual connections.

Bandura's theory posits that learning occurs through observation and modeling.
Highlights the influence of role models in the learning process.

Classical Conditioning

Explored by Pavlov and Watson; describes how stimuli lead to conditioned responses, both positive and negative.
Relevant in educational contexts, such as Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS).

Connectionism

Proposed by Thorndike; suggests that stimuli and behaviors influence future actions.
Incorporates collaborative learning methods like think-pair-share and buddy reading.

Operant Conditioning

B.F. Skinner's concept that behavior modification arises from reinforcement or punishment.
Promotes group incentives and recognition to encourage desired behaviors.

Schema Theory

Bartlett's theory posits that existing knowledge structures are modified as new information is integrated.
Supports activating prior knowledge and background building in learning.

Metacognition

Defined by Flavell and Brown; involves using reading strategies to improve comprehension.
Emphasizes techniques like fix-up strategies, think-alouds, and explicit instruction.

Theory of Cognitive Development

Piaget's theory asserts that children's thinking evolves over time, influenced by internal and external factors.
Highlights the importance of experiential learning and social interactions in development.

Theory of Literacy Development

Holdaway's perspective views reading as a natural skill, influenced by parental modeling and school experiences.
Advocates for shared reading, re-reading, and fostering rich literacy environments.

Information Processing Model

Developed by Atkinson and Shifrin; posits that information undergoes sequential processing in three stages.
Underpins lesson planning and teaching sequences.

Gough's Model

Gough's cognitive model indicates progression from lower-order to higher-order processing levels.
Integrates higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) and guided reading strategies.

Interactive Model

Rumelhart's theory demonstrates the convergence of cognitive and visual information during reading processes.

Parallel Distributed Processing Model

Stanovich's model suggests that information is stored as interconnected representations in the brain.
Relates to multiple areas of reading instruction and rapid letter identification skills.

Dual-Route Cascaded Model

Proposed by Colhear & Rastle; outlines two pathways for processing words, linking whole language to grammar proficiency in better readers.
Emphasizes phonemic and morpheme awareness along with the use of leveled texts.

Double-Deficit Hypothesis

Developed by Wolf & Bowers; identifies three categories for reading disabilities, particularly dyslexia, focusing on phonological processing and rapid naming.
Incorporates Response to Intervention (RTI) strategies, RAVE-O programs, and small group instruction.

Inquiry Learning

Dewey's approach revolves around aligning learning with student interests, fostering problem-solving skills, and developing engaged citizens.
Encourages student choice and cooperative learning experiences.

Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky's concept asserts that students achieve optimal learning in their 'zone' where tasks are neither too easy nor too difficult.
Highlights the need for balanced challenges in learning environments.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of leading reading theorists like Ehri, Chall, and Clay through engaging flashcards. This quiz covers essential theories and models in reading development, emphasizing the stages of literacy acquisition. Perfect for students and educators in the field of education.