Reading Strategies Overview

Reading Strategies

• Brainstorming: Generating many ideas quickly, often to solve a problem or plan.
• Coherence: Ideas and parts fitting together logically, making the whole understandable.
• Cohesion: Parts of something sticking together to create a smooth whole. Parts of writing linked logically.
• Complex Language: Made up of many parts or difficult to understand. Includes long sentences, advanced vocabulary, and intricate grammar.
• Comprehension: Understanding something fully. Grasping the meaning of words, sentences, or ideas.
• Deduce Meaning from Context: Figuring out the meaning of a word or phrase by looking at words around it. Using clues from the sentence or situation to make sense of something unfamiliar.
• Discourse: Spoken or written communication about a particular topic. Including conversations, debates, or essays.
• Extensive Reading: Reading a lot of material, often for enjoyment or general understanding.
• Graded Reader: Books written for language learners with simpler words and grammar. Helps learners improve language skills gradually.
• Infer Attitude, Feeling, Mood: Understanding someone's thoughts or emotions based on clues from their words, actions, or behavior.
• Intensive Reading: Reading a short, challenging text carefully and in detail to fully understand its meaning.
• Introductory Activity: Task or exercise done at the beginning of a lesson or session to engage learners and introduce a topic.
• Layout: Arrangement or design of elements on a page, affecting how information is presented.
• Lead-in: An introductory part to a lesson or discussion to prepare learners for the topic. Uses activities or questions to capture interest and connect new material to existing knowledge.
• Predict: Making an educated guess about something that will happen based on available information or evidence.
• Prediction: A statement or guess about a future event based on available information.
• Pre-teach (Vocabulary): Introducing and explaining new words to learners before they encounter them in a text. Improves comprehension.
• Read for Detail: Reading a text carefully to observe specific details, facts, and nuances. Goal is to understand all the information, not just the main idea.
• Read for Gist: Quickly reading a text to get the overall idea or main message. Avoiding detailed information.
• Read for Global Understanding: Reading a text to grasp the overall meaning and context. Understand main ideas, themes and how different parts connect. Avoiding getting caught up in details.

Listening Strategies

• Gesture: Body movements to express ideas or feelings.
• Hesitation: Pausing while speaking, often because of thought process.
• Infer Attitude: Guessing someone's feelings or thoughts based on tone, words or actions.
• Introductory Activity: Warm-up activity to begin a lesson, getting students interested.
• Listen for Detail: Listening to catch specific information (times, names, or dates).
• Listen for Gist: Listening to understand the main idea or general meaning.
• Listen for Global Understanding: Listening to get the overall message or theme of a conversation.
• Receptive Skill: Understanding and interpreting information (listening/reading).
• Relevant: Related to the topic or important to the current discussion.
• Simplify: Making something easier to understand.
• Skill: An ability developed through practice (listening/speaking).
• Subskill: Smaller skill within a larger skill (e.g., listening for details).
• Text Type: Type of text (e.g., letter, story, article, email).

Other Reading and Listening

• Scan: Quickly looking through a text to find specific information.
• Skill: Refers to the ability to perform a task well.
• Skim: Quickly reading a text to get a general idea of its content.
• Subskill: smaller or more specific skill contained within a larger skill
• Text Structure: Organization of information in a text to help readers understand the flow of ideas (e.g., chronological order, cause and effect).
• Text Type: A category classifying text by purpose and style (e.g., narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive, instructional, informational).
• Authentic Material: Real-life resources (news articles, songs).
• Connected Speech: How words blend together in natural speaking (e.g., "going to" sounds like "gonna").
• Facial Expression: Movements of the face (e.g., smiling, frowning) that show emotions.