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Reading Quiz #8 - Mutation Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is double and helical about the double helix?

Double: two strands of DNA; helix: bonded strands form a spiral

How many DNA molecules make up an unreplicated chromosome?

How many DNA molecules make up a replicated chromosome?

How many DNA molecules are present in a synapsed pair of homologous chromosomes?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the best working definition of a protein?

Machinery that performs a function in the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the best working definition of DNA?

Information archive Signup and view all the answers

What is the best working definition of mRNA?

Information carrier Signup and view all the answers

What is a mutation?

Any change in DNA sequence Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to say that a mutation is deleterious?

Lowers fitness Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to say that a mutation is 'silent' or 'neutral'?

Changes genotype, doesn't change phenotype Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

DNA Structure and Chromosomes

Double helix consists of two intertwined strands of DNA, forming a spiral structure.
An unreplicated chromosome is comprised of one DNA molecule.
A replicated chromosome consists of two DNA molecules.
A synapsed pair of homologous chromosomes contains a total of four DNA molecules.

Definitions of Biological Molecules

Proteins are defined as the machinery that performs specific functions within the cell.
DNA acts as an information archive, storing genetic instructions.
mRNA serves as an information carrier, transferring genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Mutations

A mutation is defined as any alteration in the DNA sequence.
A deleterious mutation is one that reduces an organism's fitness or ability to survive and reproduce.
A "silent" or "neutral" mutation changes the genotype without affecting the phenotype, meaning there is no observable effect on the organism.

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Description

Test your knowledge on DNA structure and chromosome composition with these flashcards related to mutations. This quiz will help you deepen your understanding of key concepts in genetics, including the characteristics of the double helix and the number of DNA molecules in different chromosome states.