Reading and Writing Lesson 1-5: Text as Connected Discourse

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Questions and Answers

What does the process of DIVISION & CLASSIFICATION necessitate?

Creating clear distinctions between items (correct)

Grouping items randomly

Mixing items together

Ignoring the little things that make up the whole

In what way does COMPARISON & CONTRAST provide insight into something?

By avoiding a deep analysis

By ignoring any related concepts

By showing similarities with other things (correct)

By explaining how something is entirely unique

What is the primary focus of CAUSAL ANALYSIS?

Exploring the causes and effects of an event (correct)

Creating fictional scenarios

Presenting random facts

Disregarding the reasons behind an occurrence

What is the main goal of PERSUASION in writing?

To convince readers to believe or do something Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of figurative language mentioned in the text?

Allegory Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Epistrophe in figurative language?

Repeating words at the end of sentences Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of discourse according to the text?

To inform Signup and view all the answers

What does the word 'argument' mean based on its Latin origin?

Ground Signup and view all the answers

Which type of discourse aims to clarify and explain a phenomenon?

Exposition Signup and view all the answers

What technique involves listing down broad topics and then identifying related, narrower topics?

Brainstorming Signup and view all the answers

In DESCRIPTION, how does it aim to transmit impressions of a topic?

By appealing to the senses Signup and view all the answers

Which word's origin is tied to the Latin word 'discursus' meaning conversation, argument, or speech?

Discourse Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using graphic organizers?

To display the relationships among concepts or ideas Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a topic outline from a sentence outline?

The use of words or phrases as headings in a topic outline Signup and view all the answers

In outlining, which system uses Roman and Hindu-Arabic numbers, as well as uppercase and lowercase letters?

Alphabetic System Signup and view all the answers

Which type of graph is best suited for presenting the lines of responsibility and accountability in an organization?

Organizational Chart Signup and view all the answers

Which pattern of development focuses on explaining what something is?

Definition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Definition pattern of development?

To explain a concept, term, or subject Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the techniques mentioned to develop critical reading skills?

Act of constructing and deconstructing ideas Signup and view all the answers

Which type of claim asserts an empirical truth?

Claim of Fact Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of expressing ideas and opinions and justifying one's stand called?

Reasoning Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the interrelationship between texts based on social meanings?

Intertextuality Signup and view all the answers

What does a Claim of Judgment or Value assert?

Expressing a judgment of some sort Signup and view all the answers

Which element for evaluation looks at the substance of a text?

Substance Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Outlining

Two main systems of outlining: Alphanumeric and Decimal
Alphanumeric system uses Roman and Hindu-Arabic numbers, as well as uppercase and lowercase letters
Decimal system uses symbols that look like decimal numbers
Outlining helps organize ideas and shows the hierarchical relationship or logical ordering of information

Graphic Organizers

Visual and graphic displays that show relationships among concepts or ideas
Types of graphic organizers:
Pie/Circle/Sector Graph: presents proportions and percentages
Line Graph: shows progress or development
Venn Diagram: compares and contrasts
Organizational Chart: presents lines of responsibility and accountability in an organization
Schematic Diagram: shows how something works or is organized

Patterns of Development

8 patterns to organize and develop ideas:
Narration: tells a story and shows a sequence of events
Description: uses concrete and specific details to create a vivid picture
Definition: explains a concept, term, or subject
Exemplification: provides typical cases or examples
Division and Classification: separates items and creates clear distinctions
Comparison and Contrast: shows how something is like or different from other things
Causal Analysis: tackles causes and effects
Persuasion: intends to convince readers to do or believe in something

Properties of a Well-Written Text

4 key properties:
Organization: organizing ideas through paragraphing and using appropriate signals
Coherence and Cohesion: overall understandability and the glue that holds the structure together
Language Use: using specialized language, figurative language, and tone
Reading and Writing: integrating reading and writing skills

Text as Connected Discourse

Text: a stretch of language perceived as a purposeful connected whole
Discourse: conversation, argument, or speech
Purpose of a discourse:
To inform
To persuade
To entertain
Types of discourse:
Argumentation: making and presenting arguments
Description: transmitting impressions through language
Exposition: informing, clarifying, and explaining a phenomenon
Narration: storytelling and recalling events chronologically

Techniques in Selecting and Organizing Information

Brainstorming: generating ideas in a group or individual setting
Idea List: listing broad topics and identifying related, narrower topics
Concept Map: starting with a main concept and adding branches for subtopics
Mechanics: technical aspects of writing, including spelling, punctuation, and capitalization

Critical Reading and Writing

Critical readers recognize a deeper meaning beyond the presented text
Three types of analysis:
What a text says: restatement
What a text does: description
What a text means: interpretation
Techniques to develop:
Thinking: constructing and deconstructing ideas
Reasoning: expressing ideas and opinions and justifying one's stand
Elements for evaluation:
Content: substance
Objectivity: stand of the author
Significance: intention and value
Types of claims:
Claim of Fact: asserts empirical truth
Claim of Judgment or Value: asserts a judgment
Claim of Action or Policy: asserts an action should be taken

Intertextuality and Hypertextuality

Intertextuality: connections built on social meanings, involving the interrelationship between texts
Hypertextuality: creating links between information, such as hyperlinks

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Description

Learn about the concept of text as connected discourse, including its origins and the purpose of discourse. Explore the different types of discourse such as argumentation, information, persuasion, and entertainment.