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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of highly reactive metals when they come into contact with oxygen?
What is the primary characteristic of highly reactive metals when they come into contact with oxygen?
- They do not react with oxygen at all.
- They form oxides quickly when exposed to air. (correct)
- They require heating to form oxides.
- They form salts instead of oxides.
Which metal from the following options is considered to be less reactive?
Which metal from the following options is considered to be less reactive?
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Calcium
- Copper (correct)
What gas is produced when a metal reacts with an acid?
What gas is produced when a metal reacts with an acid?
- Hydrogen (correct)
- Oxygen
- Carbon Dioxide
- Nitrogen
In displacement reactions, what happens when a more reactive metal comes into contact with a less reactive metal's compound?
In displacement reactions, what happens when a more reactive metal comes into contact with a less reactive metal's compound?
What type of compound is formed when a hydrogen ion in an acid is replaced by a metal ion?
What type of compound is formed when a hydrogen ion in an acid is replaced by a metal ion?
Which reaction produces salt, water, and carbon dioxide?
Which reaction produces salt, water, and carbon dioxide?
What is a common observation that indicates the production of hydrogen gas during a reaction with an acid?
What is a common observation that indicates the production of hydrogen gas during a reaction with an acid?
Which of the following is an example of a salt formed from hydrochloric acid?
Which of the following is an example of a salt formed from hydrochloric acid?
What is the product of the reaction between copper(II) oxide and nitric acid?
What is the product of the reaction between copper(II) oxide and nitric acid?
Which gas is released during the reaction of sodium carbonate with sulfuric acid?
Which gas is released during the reaction of sodium carbonate with sulfuric acid?
What is the word equation for the reaction between magnesium and sulfuric acid?
What is the word equation for the reaction between magnesium and sulfuric acid?
Which of the following statements is false regarding the neutralization reaction?
Which of the following statements is false regarding the neutralization reaction?
What occurs during and is an indicator of a chemical reaction?
What occurs during and is an indicator of a chemical reaction?
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Which of the following products is formed when aluminum oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid?
Which of the following products is formed when aluminum oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid?
How can a test tube feeling warm during a reaction be interpreted?
How can a test tube feeling warm during a reaction be interpreted?
Flashcards
Reactivity
Reactivity
The tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reactions.
Reactivity Series
Reactivity Series
Metals arranged in order of decreasing reactivity, with the most reactive at the top.
Metal + Oxygen → Oxide
Metal + Oxygen → Oxide
Metals react with oxygen to form oxides.
Metal + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
Metal + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
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Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen
Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen
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Displacement Reaction
Displacement Reaction
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What are salts?
What are salts?
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Metal Oxide + Acid → Salt + Water
Metal Oxide + Acid → Salt + Water
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Metal Hydroxide + Acid → Salt + Water (Neutralization Reaction)
Metal Hydroxide + Acid → Salt + Water (Neutralization Reaction)
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Metal Carbonate + Acid → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Metal Carbonate + Acid → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
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Rearranging Atoms
Rearranging Atoms
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Representing Chemical Reactions
Representing Chemical Reactions
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Balancing Chemical Equations
Balancing Chemical Equations
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Signs of a Chemical Reaction
Signs of a Chemical Reaction
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Study Notes
Reactivity of Metals
- Reactivity is a substance's tendency to undergo chemical reactions.
- Metals' reactivity is based on their position in the reactivity series.
- Highly reactive metals include potassium (K), sodium (Na), and calcium (Ca).
- Moderately reactive metals are magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), and zinc (Zn).
- Less reactive metals are iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu).
- Unreactive metals include silver (Ag) and gold (Au).
Formation of Salts
- Salts are ionic compounds formed when the hydrogen ion (H+) in an acid is replaced by a metal or ammonium ion (NH4+).
- Key acids and their related salts are:
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl) forms chlorides (e.g., NaCl).
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) forms sulfates (e.g., CuSO4).
- Nitric acid (HNO3) forms nitrates (e.g., KNO3).
Methods of Salt Formation
-
Metal + Acid: Metal reacts with an acid to produce a salt and hydrogen gas.
- Example: Zinc + Sulfuric Acid → Zinc Sulfate + Hydrogen Gas (Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2)
-
Metal Oxide + Acid: Metal oxide reacts with an acid to produce a salt and water.
- Example: Copper(II) Oxide + Hydrochloric Acid → Copper(II) Chloride + Water (CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O)
-
Metal Carbonate + Acid: Metal carbonate reacts with an acid to produce a salt, water, and carbon dioxide.
- Example: Calcium Carbonate + Nitric Acid → Calcium Nitrate + Water + Carbon Dioxide (CaCO3 + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2)
Displacement Reactions
- A more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from its compound.
- Example: Zinc + Copper Sulfate → Zinc Sulfate + Copper (Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu)
- Displacement reactions are used in extracting metals from ores.
Additional Reactions
- Metal + water: Highly reactive metals react violently with water to produce metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas. Less reactive metals react with steam, not cold water. (e.g., 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2 )
- Metal + Oxygen: Highly reactive metals react very rapidly with oxygen to form oxides quickly. Example: 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO. Less reactive metals form oxides slowly or require heating.
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