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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason aryl halides are less reactive than alkyl halides?
What is the primary reason aryl halides are less reactive than alkyl halides?
- The benzene ring increases the polarity of the C-X bond. (correct)
- Aryl halides have a stronger C-X bond.
- Aryl halides have fewer available reaction sites.
- Alkyl halides have more electronegative media.
Under what conditions do aryl halides react with solid NaOH?
Under what conditions do aryl halides react with solid NaOH?
- Under 300 atm pressure and at 628 K. (correct)
- With liquid NaOH at 400 K.
- At 500 atm pressure and 450 K.
- At room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
What product is formed when aryl halides react with ammonia in the presence of a copperous catalyst?
What product is formed when aryl halides react with ammonia in the presence of a copperous catalyst?
- Aniline (correct)
- Benzamide
- Phenol
- Benzyl alcohol
What type of reaction do aryl halides primarily undergo under vigorous conditions?
What type of reaction do aryl halides primarily undergo under vigorous conditions?
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Which of the following nucleophiles can replace the halide in aryl halides during nucleophilic substitution?
Which of the following nucleophiles can replace the halide in aryl halides during nucleophilic substitution?
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Study Notes
Aryl Halides Reactivity
- Aryl halides are less reactive than alkyl halides due to the stronger C-X bond in aryl halides.
- This difference in reactivity arises from the higher electronegativity of the benzene ring in aryl halides.
Reactions of Aryl Halides
- Aryl halides can undergo reactions with NaOH, ammonia, and other nucleophiles.
Reaction with NaOH
- Aryl halides react with solid NaOH at 300 atm and 628 K to form sodium phenoxide.
- Sodium phenoxide undergoes hydrolysis to produce phenol.
Replacement by NH₂
- Aryl halides react with ammonia in the presence of a copperous catalyst at 475 K to form aniline.
Nucleophilic Substitution
- Aryl halides can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions under harsh conditions.
- These reactions include replacements by OH or other nucleophiles.
- One example is the replacement of the halogen with an OH group using NaOH.
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