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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason aryl halides are less reactive than alkyl halides?
Under what conditions do aryl halides react with solid NaOH?
What product is formed when aryl halides react with ammonia in the presence of a copperous catalyst?
What type of reaction do aryl halides primarily undergo under vigorous conditions?
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Which of the following nucleophiles can replace the halide in aryl halides during nucleophilic substitution?
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Study Notes
Aryl Halides Reactivity
- Aryl halides are less reactive than alkyl halides due to the stronger C-X bond in aryl halides.
- This difference in reactivity arises from the higher electronegativity of the benzene ring in aryl halides.
Reactions of Aryl Halides
- Aryl halides can undergo reactions with NaOH, ammonia, and other nucleophiles.
Reaction with NaOH
- Aryl halides react with solid NaOH at 300 atm and 628 K to form sodium phenoxide.
- Sodium phenoxide undergoes hydrolysis to produce phenol.
Replacement by NH₂
- Aryl halides react with ammonia in the presence of a copperous catalyst at 475 K to form aniline.
Nucleophilic Substitution
- Aryl halides can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions under harsh conditions.
- These reactions include replacements by OH or other nucleophiles.
- One example is the replacement of the halogen with an OH group using NaOH.
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Description
Explore the remarkable reactivity of aryl halides through this quiz. Learn about their interactions with nucleophiles like NaOH and ammonia, and how these reactions lead to the formation of products such as sodium phenoxide and aniline. Test your knowledge on the conditions necessary for these transformations.
