17 Questions
What is the principal source of defensive pro-oxidants generated in the respiratory burst of neutrophils?
Reactive species
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of oxidative stress?
Consumption of antioxidant-rich foods
What plays a vital role in preserving the correct functionality of cellular vital functions?
Redox equilibrium
Oxidative stress can lead to damage in which of the following cellular biomolecules?
Polynucleotides
Which enzyme is enzymatically responsible for the production of reactive species?
Xanthine oxidase (XO)
What are reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) known to damage under oxidative stress?
Proteins and sugars
What are some examples of enzymatic scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mentioned in the text?
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)
How is oxidative damage typically assessed according to the text?
Measurement of secondary oxidation products
Why are clinical studies required to include multiple biomarkers when assessing antioxidant status and oxidative stress?
To adequately assess in vivo antioxidant status/oxidative stress
Which type of biomarkers are mentioned as indicators of radical-induced damage in biological tissues and fluids?
Secondary oxidation products
Why are antioxidant enzymes considered important according to the text?
To cope with oxidative stress caused by metabolism and environmental factors
What is the main cause of oxidative stress in the human body?
Reactive oxygen species
Which system in the human body regulates the levels of free radicals to maintain physiological balance?
Antioxidant system
What is the consequence of excessive free radicals under conditions of oxidative stress?
Oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
Which organelle is identified as the primary source of reactive oxygen species in all cell types?
Mitochondria
How can hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generate the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (HO ) in the presence of certain ions?
Fenton reaction
What is a potential application of biomarkers of oxidative stress in humans?
Assessment of disease status
Test your knowledge on reactive species production, physiological roles, and redox equilibrium in biological systems. Learn about enzymatic sources like xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase, as well as the role of neutrophil respiratory bursts. Explore the physiological and signaling functions of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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