Reactive Species and Redox Equilibrium Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the principal source of defensive pro-oxidants generated in the respiratory burst of neutrophils?

  • Nitric oxide synthases (NOS)
  • Xanthine oxidase (XO)
  • NADPH oxidase (NOX)
  • Reactive species (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of oxidative stress?

  • Biochemical processes leading to the production of reactive species
  • Limited capabilities of endogenous antioxidant systems
  • Exposure to damaging agents like environmental pollutants
  • Consumption of antioxidant-rich foods (correct)
  • What plays a vital role in preserving the correct functionality of cellular vital functions?

  • Oxidative damage
  • Redox equilibrium (correct)
  • Reactive species
  • Antioxidants
  • Oxidative stress can lead to damage in which of the following cellular biomolecules?

    <p>Polynucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is enzymatically responsible for the production of reactive species?

    <p>Xanthine oxidase (XO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) known to damage under oxidative stress?

    <p>Proteins and sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of enzymatic scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mentioned in the text?

    <p>Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is oxidative damage typically assessed according to the text?

    <p>Measurement of secondary oxidation products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are clinical studies required to include multiple biomarkers when assessing antioxidant status and oxidative stress?

    <p>To adequately assess in vivo antioxidant status/oxidative stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of biomarkers are mentioned as indicators of radical-induced damage in biological tissues and fluids?

    <p>Secondary oxidation products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are antioxidant enzymes considered important according to the text?

    <p>To cope with oxidative stress caused by metabolism and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of oxidative stress in the human body?

    <p>Reactive oxygen species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system in the human body regulates the levels of free radicals to maintain physiological balance?

    <p>Antioxidant system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of excessive free radicals under conditions of oxidative stress?

    <p>Oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is identified as the primary source of reactive oxygen species in all cell types?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generate the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (HO ) in the presence of certain ions?

    <p>Fenton reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential application of biomarkers of oxidative stress in humans?

    <p>Assessment of disease status</p> Signup and view all the answers

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