Reactions of Metals with Acids

Reactions Of Metals With Acids

• Metals react with acids to produce salt and hydrogen gas:
  • Metal (M) + Acid (HX) → Salt (MX) + Hydrogen Gas (H2)
• Reactivity of metals with acids depends on the metal's position in the reactivity series:
  • More reactive metals (e.g., sodium, magnesium) react vigorously with acids
  • Less reactive metals (e.g., copper, silver) do not react with acids
• Examples of reactions:
  • Zinc (Zn) + Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) → Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) + Hydrogen Gas (H2)
  • Magnesium (Mg) + Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) → Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) + Hydrogen Gas (H2)

Acid-base Chemistry

• Acids are substances that donate H+ ions (protons)
• Bases are substances that accept H+ ions (protons)
• Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of H+ ions between acids and bases
• pH is a measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution:
  • pH = -log[H+]
  • pH 7: neutral solution (equal concentrations of H+ and OH- ions)
  • pH < 7: acidic solution (higher concentration of H+ ions)
  • pH > 7: basic solution (higher concentration of OH- ions)

Indicator Uses

• Indicators are substances that change color in response to changes in pH
• Indicators are used to determine the pH of a solution
• Examples of indicators:
  • Litmus: red in acidic solutions, blue in basic solutions
  • Phenolphthalein: colorless in acidic solutions, pink in basic solutions

pH Scale

• pH scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution
• pH scale ranges from 0 to 14:
  • pH 0-1: strongly acidic
  • pH 2-3: acidic
  • pH 4-5: weakly acidic
  • pH 6-7: neutral
  • pH 8-9: weakly basic
  • pH 10-11: basic
  • pH 12-14: strongly basic
• pH scale is used to classify substances as acidic, basic, or neutral.

Reactions Of Metals With Acids

• Metals react with acids to produce salt and hydrogen gas, following the equation: Metal (M) + Acid (HX) → Salt (MX) + Hydrogen Gas (H2)
• Reactivity of metals with acids depends on the metal's position in the reactivity series, with more reactive metals (e.g., sodium, magnesium) reacting vigorously and less reactive metals (e.g., copper, silver) not reacting
• Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas: Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
• Magnesium reacts with sulfuric acid to produce magnesium sulfate and hydrogen gas: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2

Acid-base Chemistry

• Acids are substances that donate H+ ions (protons), while bases are substances that accept H+ ions (protons)
• Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of H+ ions between acids and bases
• pH is a measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution, calculated as pH = -log[H+]
• A pH of 7 is neutral, with equal concentrations of H+ and OH- ions
• A pH below 7 is acidic, with a higher concentration of H+ ions
• A pH above 7 is basic, with a higher concentration of OH- ions

Indicator Uses

• Indicators are substances that change color in response to changes in pH, used to determine the pH of a solution
• Litmus is an indicator that is red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions
• Phenolphthalein is an indicator that is colorless in acidic solutions and pink in basic solutions

pH Scale

• The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution
• The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 0-1 being strongly acidic, 2-3 being acidic, 4-5 being weakly acidic, 6-7 being neutral, 8-9 being weakly basic, 10-11 being basic, and 12-14 being strongly basic
• The pH scale is used to classify substances as acidic, basic, or neutral

Explore how metals react with acids to form salts and hydrogen gas, and how reactivity depends on the metal's position in the reactivity series. Learn about examples of reactions and more.