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Questions and Answers
Who won the Presidential election in 1928?
Who won the Presidential election in 1928?
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- Harry Truman
- Herbert Hoover (correct)
- Franklin Roosevelt
What event happened on October 29, 1929?
What event happened on October 29, 1929?
- Black Tuesday (The Great Crash) (correct)
- The start of World War II
- The passing of the Social Security Act
- The end of Prohibition
What were the shantytowns outside major cities called during the Great Depression?
What were the shantytowns outside major cities called during the Great Depression?
- New Deal Towns
- Economic Zones
- Hoovervilles (correct)
- Rooseveltvilles
What was the name of President Roosevelt's plan to help the common man?
What was the name of President Roosevelt's plan to help the common man?
What did President Franklin D. Roosevelt say was the only thing to fear in his 1932 Inaugural Address?
What did President Franklin D. Roosevelt say was the only thing to fear in his 1932 Inaugural Address?
What name was given to the radio addresses President Roosevelt gave to reassure the American public?
What name was given to the radio addresses President Roosevelt gave to reassure the American public?
What are the 'three R's' of Roosevelt's plan?
What are the 'three R's' of Roosevelt's plan?
What does FDIC stand for?
What does FDIC stand for?
What type of spending is defined as spending more than what you have?
What type of spending is defined as spending more than what you have?
Which amendment repealed the 18th amendment (Prohibition)?
Which amendment repealed the 18th amendment (Prohibition)?
Flashcards
Who won the 1928 election?
Who won the 1928 election?
Herbert Hoover won the election.
1928 campaign slogan?
1928 campaign slogan?
The slogan was 'A car in every garage'.
What was Black Tuesday?
What was Black Tuesday?
October 29, 1929; the stock market crashed
What are 'Hoovervilles'?
What are 'Hoovervilles'?
Shacks / shantytowns outside major cities
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Who was the Bonus Army?
Who was the Bonus Army?
World War I veterans demanding early payment.
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Who won the 1932 election?
Who won the 1932 election?
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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What were Fireside Chats?
What were Fireside Chats?
Addresses to reassure the public.
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What are the 3 R's?
What are the 3 R's?
Relief, Recovery, and Reform.
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Who was the 'Brain Trust'?
Who was the 'Brain Trust'?
Group of advisors who helped Roosevelt shape legislation.
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What is the FDIC?
What is the FDIC?
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
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Reaction Rate
- Reaction rate refers to how the concentration of reactants or products changes over time.
- The rate law mathematically connects reaction rate and reactant concentrations.
Rate Law Expression
- For the reaction aA + bB → cC + dD, the rate law is rate = k[A]^m[B]^n.
- k symbolizes the rate constant, a measure of how fast the reaction progresses.
- m represents the reaction order focusing on A, and n represents the same for B.
- m + n gives the reaction's overall order.
Methods for Determining Rate Laws
- Initial Rates: Vary reactant concentrations and observe initial rate changes.
- Integrated Rate Laws: Employ calculus to derive rate laws from experimental data.
Zero-Order Reactions
- Rate Law: rate = k
- Integrated Rate Law: [A]_t = -kt + [A]_0
- Half-Life: t1/2 = [A]_0 / 2k
First-Order Reactions
- Rate Law: rate = k[A]
- Integrated Rate Law: ln[A]_t = -kt + ln[A]_0
- Half-Life: t1/2 = 0.693/k
Second-Order Reactions
- Rate Law: rate = k[A]^2
- Integrated Rate Law: 1/[A]_t = kt + 1/[A]_0
- Half-Life: t1/2 = 1 / (k[A]_0)
Reaction Mechanisms
- Reaction mechanism defines a reaction's step-by-step process.
- Elementary steps involve single (unimolecular), double (bimolecular), or triple (termolecular) molecule reactions.
Rate-Determining Step
- The rate-determining step dictates overall reaction speed.
Arrhenius Equation
- The Arrhenius equation (k = Ae^(-Ea/RT)) links rate constant, temperature, and activation energy.
- k is the rate constant.
- A represents the frequency factor.
- Ea symbolizes activation energy.
- R is known as the gas constant set at 8.314 J/mol·K.
- T must be in Kelvin.
Activation Energy
- Activation energy is the minimum energy needed for reactions.
Catalysis
- Catalysts accelerate reactions without being consumed.
Catalyst Types
- Homogeneous catalysts share a phase with reactants.
- Heterogeneous catalysts differ in phase from reactants.
- Enzymes catalyze biological processes.
Catalyst Function
- Catalysts reduce activation energy, offering alternate reaction routes.
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