React Components Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of React components?

They must be defined in a separate file.

They cannot hold internal state.

They do not accept props.

They are modular and reusable. (correct)

What does the useState hook enable in a React application?

It simplifies the process of adding props to components.

It handles external API interactions automatically.

It eliminates the need for component reusability.

It allows the app to maintain internal state. (correct)

When using JSX in a React project, what is required for multi-line expressions?

Parens ( ) to wrap the JSX. (correct)

Square brackets for array syntax.

No special syntax is needed.

Curly braces to wrap the expressions.

How does the useContext hook benefit a React application?

It allows sharing of state without prop drilling. Signup and view all the answers

In JSX, how are variables embedded within HTML-like syntax?

With curly braces surrounding the variable. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)?

To offer servers in the cloud where the user manages scaling. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes 'Cloud Native' applications?

Software designed specifically for deployment on modern cloud platforms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of auto scaling in a cloud environment?

Adjust the quantity of resources based on application load. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cloud computing, what does Disaster-Recovery (DR) focus on?

Spreading data centers geographically to mitigate risks. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Infrastructure as Code (IAC)' primarily involve?

Using code to provision and manage hardware and software resources. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of input validation in cybersecurity?

To prevent nefarious users from exploiting vulnerabilities Signup and view all the answers

Which attack type involves overwhelming a system with traffic from multiple sources?

DDOS attack Signup and view all the answers

What does the Saga pattern specifically manage in microservices architecture?

Data consistency across distributed transactions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of attack mentioned in the content?

Compression Attack Signup and view all the answers

Which access control method assigns users to roles instead of granting access directly?

Role-based Access Control (RBAC) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Buffer Overflow' refer to in cybersecurity?

Overwriting the allocated memory space in stack or heap Signup and view all the answers

Which pattern is characterized by providing a simplified interface to a complex system?

Facade Pattern Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is classified under Protected Health Information (PHI)?

Medical records and insurance details Signup and view all the answers

Which pattern allows for a single point of entry into a system?

API Gateway Signup and view all the answers

What technique is similar to 'fail fast' in system design?

Circuit Breaker Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Information

Course name: CSE-2102
Instructor: Jonathan Clark
Exam review for final exam

Project Grades

Project grades posted by end of week.
Focus: major components (pets list, adoption, approval, users, roles)
Milestone 7: no work after Milestone 7 results in a zero.
Some individuals may get higher or lower scores than team members.
SET surveys

Exam Dates & Deadlines

Extra Credit options - Due Wednesday, December 4th (graded by December 8th)
Honors Conversion - Due Friday, December 6th (graded by December 10th)
Final Exam - Monday, December 9th, 1:00 pm, ITE-C80

Exam Goals

Covers material not covered in the midterm.
Exception: Covers Databases (module 5) and concepts spanning the entire year.
Goal: success in the exam is attainable with good effort on the group project and attentiveness in class.

Exam Logistics

40 multiple choice questions; approximately 90 minutes.
Some questions are the "select all that apply" type.
Study materials: lecture slides, labs, homeworks, group project code.
Practice exam recommended (in HCT), but this is not an exhaustive review.
Bring valid ID.
Arrive 10-15 minutes early.
Spread out in the exam room, keep at least one seat between each student.

Module 5: Databases

Group project work

Python & SQLite

The provided code shows how to import and use sqlite3 in Python for a database query.
Implies sqlite3 is an import module for Python databases.

SQL

SQL (Structure Query Language) for creating, reading, updating, and deleting data in a database.
Describes SQL functions for these tasks.

Module 7A: Containers

Lab 8: Dockerize a simple Python flask app.
Requirements.txt, pip freeze, Dockerfile, build/run commands, cleanup commands
HW3: Different base images, exposing different ports

Hypervisor

Type 1 ("Bare Metal/Native") Hypervisor.
Type 2 ("Embedded/Hosted") Hypervisor
Guest OS, Virtual Machine(VM), Hypervisor, Host OS (diagram depicts the layers).

Containers (continued)

Virtual Machines virtualize hardware; a hypervisor manages virtual machines running on a host machine.
Containers virtualize operating systems and use less resources (no hypervisor)
Containers package the operating system, code, dependencies.
Docker is used to build, test, and deploy containerized applications.
Summary of containers vs virtual machines (VMs).

Docker Images

Docker images are layered with the base image at the bottom, built by layer sequentially.
Dockerfile instructions for image building
Describes how the layers are built and the implications of changes (no caching if upper layers changed).
Conceptual summary of docker images and layers

Layered Docker images (continued)

Layered format of docker images: start with a base image and build on top.
Organizing changes in upper layers increases efficiency.
Solves software dependency issues.
Portable across clouds.
Simplifies DevOps.

Dockerfile

Dockerfile—text file (no file extension) containing instructions to build a docker image.
Describes different Dockerfile commands: FROM, WORKDIR, COPY, ADD, RUN, ENTRYPOINT, CMD.
Detailed descriptions of each command within Docker.

Docker Commands

docker build: builds the image.
docker run: starts the container (with port mapping options (-p)).
docker stop: stops the container.
docker rm: deletes the container.
docker images: lists all images.
docker ps: lists running docker containers.
docker exec: executes a command in a running container.

Docker Cleanup

docker stop: stops a container.
docker container prune: removes all stopped containers.
docker image prune: removes all unused images and their associated containers.
docker rm: deletes a container.
docker image rm: removes a specific image.
docker system prune: removes all unused containers, networks, images (both dangling and unused), and optionally volumes.

Module 7B: Auth

Modules about authentication topics

Terms: Identity, Authentication, Authorization

Key concepts of authentication and authorization.
Identity: Who are you?
Authentication: Proof of identity (Are you who you say you are?).
Authorization: Rights, privileges (What are you allowed to do?).

Multi-factor Authentication (MFA)

Something you know, and something you have (2FA or more).
Adaptive Authentication: adjusts authentication rigor based on the risk level.

Identity Provider (IdP)

Stores and manages digital identities.

Single Sign-On (SSO)

One login to access disparate resources/apps.

JSON Web Token (JWT)

Compact and secure way to exchange information, in JSON format, base64 encoded, not encrypted.
Claims (statements of truth).
Digitally signed (ensuring integrity).
Verification address.

OpenID Connect (OIDC) Flow Types

Client Credentials Flow, Implicit Flow, Authorization Code Flow, PKCE.

Tokens

Identity Token: info about the authenticated user.
Access Token: for the server to protect resources.
Refresh Token: how clients obtain new identity and access tokens when they expire.

Module 8: Frontend, React

Lab 9: npm commands, package.json, build/run locally
Lab 10: React components, calling async functions
Group project work

File Types for web pages

HTML (HyperText Markup Language): structures the page (paragraphs, tables, etc).
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): styles the page (text size, borders, animations, etc).
JS (JavaScript): provides dynamic functionality (show/hide, fetch data, etc)

Document Object Model (DOM)

API/interface for interacting with web pages
Independent of programming language.
Properties and methods are used for modifications.
Window and Document represent webpage components (for interactions).

Multi-Page Applications (MPAs) vs. Single-Page Applications (SPAs)

MPAs: Each link loads new page from the server; blank page temporarily displayed when loading.
SPAs: Content dynamically updates on page without reloading; Javascript changes DOM as needed.

Async/Await

Async keyword = function returns promise
Await keyword = pauses execution until promise is resolved and returns a result.
Use the .then() syntax as well (alternative to await).

Axios or Fetch?

Axios has better backward compatibility and is usually easier to work with.
Demonstrates an Axios implementation example for fetching data.

JSX

Javascript XML, a syntax extension, uses HTML-like syntax within JS/TS React files.