RDBMS Based on Codd's Relational Model
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of metadata in a database?

  • To manage the database constraints
  • To change the physical data storage
  • To locate and retrieve data easily (correct)
  • To store the actual data on the disk

    • What is the benefit of data independence in a DBMS?

  • It makes the database static and unchangeable
  • It allows the database to change over time to satisfy user requirements (correct)
  • It makes the database highly complex and tedious to manage
  • It stores data in a single layer

    • What type of data independence allows changes to the table format without affecting the data on the disk?

  • Physical data independence
  • Logical data independence (correct)
  • Metadata independence
  • Database schema independence

    • What is the purpose of physical data independence?

    <p>To change the physical data without affecting the logical data or schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does RDBMS stand for?

    <p>Relational Database Management Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of modern database management systems based on RDBMS?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to modify or update a set of metadata once it is stored in the database?

    <p>Because it is tedious and highly complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of a layered architecture in metadata?

    <p>It allows changes to data at one layer without affecting data at another level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)?

    <p>Relational model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Codd's 12 rules?

    <p>Relational model of database systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Rule 1, how must data be stored in a database?

    <p>In a table format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is guaranteed by Rule 2 of Codd's rules?

    <p>Logical access to data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Rule 3 of Codd's rules?

    <p>It provides a systematic treatment of NULL values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an online catalog in Rule 4?

    <p>To provide a data dictionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the requirement for a database language according to Rule 5?

    <p>It must support linear syntax and data definition, data manipulation, and transaction management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of accessing a database without a language having linear syntax?

    <p>It is a violation of Rule 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in how data values are stored between DBMS and RDBMS?

    <p>DBMS stores data in tables with no relationships, while RDBMS stores data in tables with relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of RDBMS?

    <p>Supports distributed database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of DBMS?

    <p>To offer more convenience and efficiency to access data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of DBMS?

    <p>File system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between DBMS and RDBMS?

    <p>RDBMS is an extension of DBMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of DBMS?

    <p>Meant for small organizations and single-user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of DBMS?

    <p>To provide a centralized view of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of RDBMS?

    <p>MySQL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Referential integrity in a RDBMS?

    <p>To specify that rows cannot be deleted, which are used by other records.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DBMS is known for being cost-effective and used for E-Commerce websites?

    <p>Informix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way in which RDBMS applications store data?

    <p>In a tabular form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Entity integrity in a RDBMS?

    <p>To specify that there should be no duplicate rows in a table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of database management system that PostgreSQL is classified as?

    <p>Object-relational DBMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DBMS is implemented specifically for mobile devices?

    <p>SQLite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between DBMS and RDBMS in terms of data storage?

    <p>DBMS stores data as files, while RDBMS stores data in a tabular form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of User-defined integrity in a RDBMS?

    <p>To define business rules that are different from entity, domain or referential integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of Amazon RDS?

    <p>Easy configuration setup and usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DBMS is available in both free and commercial versions?

    <p>MongoDB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is present in RDBMS that is not present in DBMS?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Informix?

    <p>It is written in C, C++, and Assembly languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Domain integrity in a RDBMS?

    <p>To enforce valid entries for a given column by restricting the type, format, or range of values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property that RDBMS defines for data manipulation?

    <p>ACID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of documents that MongoDB can support?

    <p>NoSQL and JSON</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating systems does SQLite support?

    <p>Mac, Windows, and Linux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main issue with classful network design?

    <p>It did not foster the efficient allocation of a finite address space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What replaced the class system of address space in 1993?

    <p>Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scope of a private IP address?

    <p>Local to the present network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provides a public IP address?

    <p>The Internet Service Provider (ISP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to communicate within a private network?

    <p>Private IP address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a server?

    <p>To manage network resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between private and public IP addresses?

    <p>Scope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of server allows other computers to access a database and retrieve or upload data from and into it?

    <p>Database server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)?

    <p>To allocate and route based on arbitrary-length prefixes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a mail server?

    <p>To store and sort emails before they are sent to users upon request</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of server provides an environment with all the necessary requirements to run or develop an application?

    <p>Application server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the issue with assigning sites with several hundred hosts a single /16 address?

    <p>It was too wasteful of address space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do computers consider servers when sharing resources with client machines?

    <p>As dedicated servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a file server?

    <p>To provide users with access to files and data stored centrally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a web server?

    <p>To deliver requested web pages to multiple client web browsers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects a server to other network computers?

    <p>A switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an entity in an ER model?

    <p>A real-world object with attributes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of mapping cardinalities in ER models?

    <p>To determine the number of associations between entities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Relational Model based on?

    <p>First-order predicate logic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of normalized relations in the Relational Model?

    <p>Values are atomic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a database schema?

    <p>A logical view of the entire database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of each column in a relation?

    <p>Contains values from the same domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of relationships in ER models?

    <p>To establish a logical association between entities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of the Relational Model?

    <p>It is more scientific than other models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a database server?

    <p>To manage and run a database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the back-end portion of a database server?

    <p>Instance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why large-scale organizations use database servers?

    <p>To store and process data on a regular basis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term used to describe a database server?

    <p>Database Management System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using a database server over a file server?

    <p>It is more efficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the architecture used by a database server to deliver information to client systems?

    <p>Client-Server Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of FileZilla?

    <p>To upload and download files between a local system and a server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a dedicated server that helps to offer database services?

    <p>Database Server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using FTP servers for data transfer?

    <p>It's an inexpensive solution for data transfer and backup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using USER and PASS commands in FTP connections?

    <p>To authenticate and establish a connection to the FTP server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of anonymous access to FTP servers?

    <p>It prohibits uploading files to the FTP server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of SFTP and FTP/S?

    <p>To offer additional levels of security for file transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ports 20 and 21 in FTP connections?

    <p>They are required for full back-and-forth transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of FTP servers in data backup?

    <p>To provide an inexpensive solution for offsite backup of critical data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of using FTP servers when security is a concern?

    <p>They do not provide adequate security for sensitive data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of checkpoint restart support in FTP connections?

    <p>To resume an interrupted download</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)

    • RDBMS is based on the relational model introduced by E.F. Codd.
    • Dr. Edgar F. Codd came up with 12 rules for a database to be considered a true relational database.

    Codd's 12 Rules

    • Rule 1: Information Rule - all data stored in a database must be a value of some table cell.
    • Rule 2: Guaranteed Access Rule - every data element is guaranteed to be accessible logically with a combination of table-name, primary-key, and attribute-name.
    • Rule 3: Systematic Treatment of NULL Values - NULL values must be given a systematic and uniform treatment.
    • Rule 4: Active Online Catalog - the structure description of the entire database must be stored in an online catalog, known as a data dictionary.
    • Rule 5: Comprehensive Data Sub-Language Rule - a database can only be accessed using a language with linear syntax that supports data definition, data manipulation, and transaction management operations.

    Data Independence

    • Logical data independence: data about the database, storing information about how data is managed inside.
    • Physical data independence: the power to change the physical data without impacting the schema or logical data.

    RDBMS Characteristics

    • RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management Systems.
    • Modern database management systems like SQL, MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, ORACLE, My-SQL, and Microsoft Access are based on RDBMS.
    • RDBMS uses a tabular structure of data and supports relationships between data values.
    • RDBMS supports distributed databases and can handle large amounts of data.

    DBMS vs RDBMS

    • DBMS is perhaps most useful for providing a centralized view of data that can be accessed by multiple users.
    • RDBMS is an extension of DBMS and provides more convenience and efficiency to access data with high security.
    • RDBMS applications store data in a tabular form, whereas DBMS applications store data as files.
    • RDBMS defines the integrity constraint for the purpose of ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability) property.

    Data Integrity

    • There are four categories of data integrity: entity integrity, domain integrity, referential integrity, and user-defined integrity.
    • Entity integrity: no duplicate rows in a table.
    • Domain integrity: enforcing valid entries for a given column by restricting the type, format, or range of values.
    • Referential integrity: specifying that rows cannot be deleted, which are used by other records.
    • User-defined integrity: enforcing specific business rules defined by users.

    Examples of RDBMS

    • MySQL
    • PostgreSQL
    • Oracle
    • Microsoft Access
    • Informix
    • SQLite
    • Amazon RDS
    • MongoDB

    Classful Addressing Scheme

    • The classful A, B, and C octet boundaries were easy to understand and implement, but did not foster the efficient allocation of a finite address space.
    • Classful network design served its purpose in the startup stage of the Internet, but lacked scalability in the face of the rapid expansion of the network in the 1990s.
    • The class system of the address space was replaced with Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) in 1993.

    Private IP Address and Public IP Address

    • Private IP addresses are used within a local network and are invalid and non-routable in the Internet.
    • Public IP addresses are used outside the local network and are provided by the Internet Service Provider (ISP).
    • Private IP addresses are locally unique within a private network, while public IP addresses are globally unique across the Internet.

    Servers

    • Servers manage network resources such as hosting websites, transmitting data, sending or receiving emails, and controlling accesses.
    • The purpose of a server is to provide services and features to clients, such as browsing websites, checking emails, and communicating with other users.
    • Types of servers include:
      • Database servers: allow other computers to access a database and retrieve or upload data.
      • File servers: provide users with access to files and data stored centrally.
      • Web servers: deliver requested web pages to multiple client web browsers.
      • Mail servers: store and sort emails before they are sent to users upon request.
      • Application servers: provide an environment with all the necessary requirements to run or develop an application.

    FTP Server

    • FTP servers are used for file transfer and can provide connection to users without login credentials, but with limited access.
    • Anonymous access is allowed, but uploading files to FTP servers is prohibited.
    • FTP servers can also provide offsite backup of critical data and are inexpensive solutions for data transfer and backup operations.
    • Secure FTP server options, such as SFTP and FTP/S, offer additional levels of security, including data encryption.

    Database Server

    • A database server refers to a combination of hardware and software that runs a database and provides database services.
    • Database server works as a back-end portion for database applications, following the client-server model.
    • It delivers all the information sought by client systems and is used by large-scale organizations that need to process large amounts of data regularly.

    Types of Database Servers

    • Database servers are also known as "Database Management System" or "Database Server Software".
    • Types of database servers include relational models, which are based on first-order predicate logic and define a table as an n-ary relation.

    ER Model

    • An entity in an ER model is a real-world entity having properties called attributes.
    • Every attribute is defined by its set of values called domain.
    • Relationships among entities are mapped in various ways, including one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many.

    Relational Model

    • The relational model is based on first-order predicate logic and defines a table as an n-ary relation.
    • Data is stored in tables called relations.
    • Relations can be normalized.
    • In normalized relations, values saved are atomic values.
    • Each row in a relation contains a unique value.
    • Each column in a relation contains values from the same domain.

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    Related Documents

    W2_JTO_Ph2_Datacom_IT.pdf

    Description

    Learn about the Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) and its connection to E.F. Codd's 12 rules, including the Information Rule.

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