RBT Flashcards on Behavior Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is one problem with a first-then strategy?

  • Ineffective
  • Bribery land (correct)
  • Visual support
  • Predictable

    • One potential problem with social stories is they have not been _____

    shown to be as effective as other procedures.

    Which of the following procedures have been found to be more effective than Social Stories?

  • Teaching Interaction Procedure, video modeling, and Cool Versus Not Cool (correct)
  • Video modeling, first-then, and Teaching Interaction Procedure
  • Teaching Interaction Procedure, first-then, and Cool Versus Not Cool
  • Video modeling, Cool Versus Not Cool, and first-then

    • Which of the following is one strategy within the Autism Partnership Method used to decrease aberrant behavior?

    <p>Social skill groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Developing a hierarchy of frustrating events and teaching a client to engage in relaxing behaviors when exposed to steps within that hierarchy is known as which of the following?

    <p>Frustration Tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If required to implement restraint, you must do which of the following?

    <p>Seek out additional training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Crisis plans should be _____

    <p>Individualized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a core component of a behavior reduction plan?

    <p>Data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of systematically, differentially reinforcing successive approximations to a terminal behavior is commonly referred to as which of the following?

    <p>Shaping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible danger with taking too large of steps while shaping?

    <p>Behavior falters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible danger with taking too small of steps while shaping?

    <p>Boredom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is one of Pryor's 10 Laws of shaping?

    <p>Train one behavior at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Autism Partnership Method, shaping involves a level of which of the following?

    <p>Artistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Any behavior the interventionist engages in that increases the likelihood that the learner will respond correctly is known as which of the following?

    <p>Prompting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gestures, positional, and looking at the targeted response are all examples of which type of prompts?

    <p>Stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rules of when to prompt and what prompts to provide are commonly referred to as which of the following?

    <p>Prompting systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Specific prompts that are provided are commonly referred to as which of the following?

    <p>Prompt types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prompting system involves providing a prompt with a 0 second delay and never increasing that delay?

    <p>Simultaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prompting system is time-based with at least two time levels (e.g., 0 second and 10 second)?

    <p>Constant time delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prompting system involves giving the learner the opportunity to respond independently prior to providing a prompt?

    <p>Least-to-most</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prompting system involves providing a prompt and then fading prompts until the learner responds independently?

    <p>Most-to-least</p> Signup and view all the answers

    No-no prompt was originally designed for use in a(n)

    <p>Two choice discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prompting system relies on the use of clinical judgment?

    <p>Flexible prompt fading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Within flexible prompt fading the goal of the technician is to keep the learner at ____ accuracy (prompted or unprompted).

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one variable a technician should analyze when implementing flexible prompt fading?

    <p>Responses on previous trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three primary components of discrete trial teaching are always which of the following?

    <p>Instruction, response, and reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a conventional approach, arranging the stimulus array in a pre-determined order in which each stimulus is equally distributed among all possible positions is known as which of the following?

    <p>Counterbalancing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Autism Partnership Method, stimulus placement is determined by which of the following?

    <p>A variety of variables on each trial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One main difference between bribery and reinforcement is the

    <p>Timing of the item provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This is the term for when a learner is engaging in disruptive behaviors and is offered something preferred to stop.

    <p>Bribery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a consequence is provided contingent upon a learner engaging in appropriate behavior and that appropriate behavior is more likely to occur in the future is best described by which of the following?

    <p>Reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential problem with bribery?

    <p>Facilitates negotiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the 10 commandments of reinforcement within the Autism Partnership Model?

    <p>Thin the schedule of reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes when a learner earns tickets which are eventually exchanged for a toy?

    <p>Token economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the most important components of a token economy?

    <p>Using effective reinforcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rainbow token most closely aligns with which schedule of reinforcement?

    <p>Conjugate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which token economy is in place when the learner is unaware of how many tokens are required prior to exchanging?

    <p>Magic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first rule of punishment is __________.

    <p>it happens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A response followed immediately by a stimulus change that decreases the future probability of similar responses is best described by which of the following?

    <p>Punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saying 'no' contingent upon a learner's response that results in a decrease in the probability of that response in the future is an example of which of the following?

    <p>Positive punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Removing a token contingent upon a response that results in a decrease in the probability of that response in the future is an example of which of the following?

    <p>Negative punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A bad odor is likely an example of which of the following?

    <p>Unconditioned punisher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stimulus change that functions as punishment as a result of a person's conditioning history is a definition of which of the following?

    <p>Conditioned punisher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following two variables affect the effectiveness of punishers?

    <p>Immediacy and schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A potential negative side effect of punishment is __________.

    <p>Behavioral contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the analogy of the history of punishment that the presenter used?

    <p>Pendulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The effectiveness of punishment was first evaluated in which type of research?

    <p>Basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Behavior a client engages in that could cause harm to themselves or others is sometimes referred to as __________.

    <p>Aberrant behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One problem associated with stereotypic behavior is it __________.

    <p>Could interfere with learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Minshawi and colleagues (2014) reported that up to _____ individuals with ASD display self-injurious behavior.

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Defining a behavior in observable terms is known as which of the following?

    <p>Operational definition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This type of definition describes changes in the environment related to the behavior.

    <p>Functional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is an operational definition important?

    <p>It results in more accurate scoring of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which four functions are commonly included in historical literature on functional analysis?

    <p>Access to attention, access to tangibles, escape, and automatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Autism Partnership Method/Model what is another potential function of behavior?

    <p>Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indirect measures of aberrant behavior are also known as which of the following?

    <p>Second hand observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Collecting A-B-C data is also known as which of the following?

    <p>First hand observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best reason for conducting a functional behavior assessment?

    <p>To identify the function of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of active listening?

    <p>What we do, what we say, what we observe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Was he Screaming, Hitting, or Throwing Objects?' is an indirect method known as which of the following?

    <p>Laundry list</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second step of direct observation?

    <p>Describing the behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Functional analysis has been described as the most ______ way to determine function.

    <p>Precise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The majority of studies on functional analysis have shown it __________.

    <p>Can lead to successful treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A learner receiving a high five contingent upon displaying aberrant behavior would occur in which condition of a functional analysis?

    <p>Attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A learner receiving a toy contingent upon displaying aberrant behavior would most likely occur in which condition of a functional analysis?

    <p>Tangible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A learner being provided with a break from demands contingent upon displaying aberrant behavior would most likely occur in which condition of a functional analysis?

    <p>Escape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One concern with standard functional analyses is that they are not __________.

    <p>Occurring in natural settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a progressive approach to problem behavior (i.e., the Big 4), which of the following is recommended?

    <p>To proactively teach the skills required to navigate the four conditions of a standard functional analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one component of proactive procedures?

    <p>Making learning fun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to make learning fun?

    <p>Interspersing tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one component of reactive procedures?

    <p>Creating behavioral momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One component of a good behavior plan is __________.

    <p>A measurement system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discontinuing the reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior primarily results in a decrease in the frequency of the behavior, which is known as which of the following?

    <p>Extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    We extinguish the __________.

    <p>behavior not the student</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extinction should always be combined with which of the following?

    <p>Reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When implementing a procedure based upon extinction, one might observe an initial, but temporary increase in the targeted behavior. This is known as which of the following?

    <p>Extinction burst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a situation when a behavior that is no longer reinforced starts to appear again?

    <p>Resurgence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary behavioral principle responsible for the effectiveness of time-out is which of the following?

    <p>Punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An essential component of time-out is ensuring which of the following?

    <p>High quality time-in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of time-out best describes when the learner is completely removed from the environment?

    <p>Exclusionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of time-out best describes when the learner is not removed from the environment?

    <p>Non-exclusionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one challenge associated with the implementation of time-out?

    <p>Ethical considerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes a procedure that involves a stimulus that signals the availability of reinforcement for engaging in appropriate behavior and is removed for engaging in inappropriate behavior?

    <p>Time-in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is one advantage of the time-in procedure?

    <p>Provides a prompt for the teachers/therapists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Time-in could be implemented with which of the following?

    <p>Any student</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary behavioral principle responsible for the effectiveness of a response cost system?

    <p>Punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Response cost should always be combined with which of the following?

    <p>Reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes an overcorrection procedure in which aberrant behavior sets the occasion for the learner to restore the environment to its previous state?

    <p>Restitutional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes an overcorrection procedure in which aberrant behavior sets the occasion for the learner to repeatedly engage in a task?

    <p>Positive practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes a procedure that involves blocking an individual from engaging in a behavior?

    <p>Response blocking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reinforcement contingent upon the learner engaging in a specific behavior instead of the aberrant behavior is known as which of the following?

    <p>Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reinforcement contingent upon the learner engaging in a behavior that cannot be done at the same time as the targeted aberrant behavior is known as which of the following?

    <p>Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reinforcement contingent upon the absence of aberrant behavior is known as which of the following?

    <p>Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reinforcement contingent upon displaying lower rates of behavior is known as which of the following?

    <p>Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interventions that manipulate the value of consequences are also known as which of the following?

    <p>Antecedent based procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Having a student engage in a series of preferred tasks prior to presenting a nonpreferred task is known as which of the following?

    <p>Behavioral momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An audiotaped, written word, phrase, or sentence used to teach conversation and social behavior is known as which of the following?

    <p>Script fading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using script fading, how many people are involved in the process?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Having a client watch a video of an individual displaying the desired behavior is known as video __________.

    <p>Modeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Behavior Concepts

    • Bribery differs from reinforcement primarily in the timing of the item provided.
    • Disruptive behavior mitigated by offering a preferred item is classified as bribery.
    • Reinforcement occurs when a consequence after a behavior increases the likelihood of that behavior recurring.

    Reinforcement Strategies

    • A key commandment of reinforcement is to thin the schedule of reinforcement.
    • A token economy allows learners to earn tokens to exchange for preferred items or activities.
    • Effective reinforcers are crucial in a token economy to maximize its success.

    Punishment Techniques

    • Punishment is defined as a response followed by a stimulus that decreases future similar responses.
    • Positive punishment involves presenting an unpleasant stimulus following a behavior, while negative punishment involves the removal of a pleasant stimulus.

    Behavior Assessment

    • Observable behavior definitions are termed operational definitions.
    • Historical literature recognizes four functions of behavior: access to attention, access to tangibles, escape, and automatic reinforcement.
    • Functional behavior assessments employ both direct measures (first hand observation) and indirect measures (second hand observation).

    Behavior Modification Procedures

    • Extinction involves discontinuing reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior, leading to a decrease in that behavior.
    • A rise in behavior upon initial application of extinction is known as an extinction burst.
    • The response cost system works by removing reinforcement as punishment for undesired behaviors.

    Teaching and Learning Strategies

    • Making learning enjoyable can enhance student engagement and effectiveness.
    • Behavioral momentum involves completing a series of preferred tasks prior to presenting a nonpreferred task.
    • Script fading and video modeling are effective methods for teaching social behaviors and conversation.

    Time-Out Protocols

    • Time-out procedures can be exclusionary or non-exclusionary based on whether the learner is removed from the environment.
    • High-quality time-in is a critical component of an effective time-out strategy.

    Crisis Management and Ethical Considerations

    • Implementing restraint requires additional training and should be part of a comprehensive crisis plan that is personalized for each learner.
    • Ethical considerations are paramount when employing time-out strategies to ensure they do not create negative behaviors.

    Intervention Techniques

    • Differential reinforcement approaches focus on reinforcing behaviors that are incompatible with or alternative to aberrant behaviors.
    • Frustration tolerance strategies involve creating a hierarchy of frustrating events for clients to learn coping skills.

    Research and Evidence

    • Research on functional analysis highlights its effectiveness in developing successful intervention plans, validating its use in applied behavior analysis settings.
    • Social stories have been found less effective than alternative approaches like video modeling and direct interaction strategies for teaching social skills.### Reinforcement and Behavior Management
    • Individualized approaches are essential in reinforcement-based strategies for effective behavior modification.
    • A core component of a behavior reduction plan includes systematic data collection to monitor progress.

    Shaping Process

    • Shaping involves gradually reinforcing successive approximations of a desired terminal behavior, promoting skill acquisition over time.
    • Taking too large steps during shaping can cause behavior faltering, hindering progress.
    • Conversely, taking too small steps may lead to boredom, reducing learner engagement and motivation.

    Principles of Shaping

    • One of Pryor's 10 Laws of shaping states to train one behavior at a time, ensuring clarity and focus in the learning process.
    • The Autism Partnership Method emphasizes a level of artistry in shaping, highlighting the importance of creativity in intervention strategies.

    Prompting Techniques

    • Prompting defines any behavior by the interventionist intended to increase the likelihood of the learner responding correctly.
    • Prompts can include gestures, positional cues, and visual attention, classified as stimulus prompts.
    • Prompting systems define the rules regarding when and which prompts to provide, facilitating structured support.

    Types of Prompts

    • Prompt types refer to specific prompts used based on the instructional context, such as verbal cues or physical guidance.
    • The simultaneous prompting system provides a prompt with no delay, ensuring immediate support for the learner.
    • Constant time delay prompting involves time-based levels where prompts follow a consistent interval, such as 0 seconds and 10 seconds.

    Strategies for Effective Prompting

    • The least-to-most prompting system allows learners initial chances to respond independently before support is provided.
    • Most-to-least prompting methods require initial prompts that are gradually faded to encourage independent responses.
    • No-no prompting, originally designed for two-choice discrimination tasks, helps reinforce correct responding by identifying and correcting errors.

    Flexible Prompt Fading

    • Flexible prompt fading relies on clinical judgment, assessing learner responses to adapt prompting levels dynamically.
    • The goal is to maintain approximately 80% accuracy in responses, ensuring a balance between challenge and success.

    Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT)

    • The three primary components of discrete trial teaching are instruction, response, and feedback, forming a structured teaching method.
    • Counterbalancing in a conventional approach involves arranging stimulus arrays to ensure even distribution across positions, mitigating bias in responding.
    • In the Autism Partnership Method, stimulus placement varies by a variety of factors on each trial, promoting adaptability in teaching strategies.

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    Test your knowledge of key concepts related to behavior analysis with these RBT flashcards. Explore the distinctions between reinforcement and bribery, along with other critical terminology. Ideal for aspiring Registered Behavior Technicians who need to grasp these fundamental principles.

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