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Questions and Answers

What is the diagnosis for a young girl presenting with pain, discharge, and swelling on the upper lid?

  • Trichiasis
  • Stye (correct)
  • Sebaceous cell carcinoma
  • Infected chalazion
  • In Argyll Robertson pupil, what reflex is typically lost?

  • Both light and accommodation reflex normal
  • Absent light reflex, but accommodation reflex normal (correct)
  • Both light and accommodation reflex lost
  • Normal light reflex, but accommodation reflex is lost
  • Which surgical procedure does not involve phacoemulsification?

  • Microincision cataract surgery
  • Small incision cataract surgery SICS
  • Intracapsular cataract extraction (correct)
  • Phacoemulsification
  • What is the possible diagnosis for a young girl who developed a painful red eye after sharing contact lenses?

    <p>Acanthamoeba keratitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lesion with lusterless cornea is indicative of which condition?

    <p>Keratoconjunctivitis sicca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is not typically used to correct a -5.0D refractive error?

    <p>INTACS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication decreases the secretion of aqueous humor to reduce intraocular pressure?

    <p>Timolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a 2-year-old child with a white pupillary reflex and a cauliflower-like mass in the retina?

    <p>Retinoblastoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause for joint pains in a patient presenting with ocular findings?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case of bilateral disc edema with a history of amaurosis fugax, what is the next step in management?

    <p>CT scan Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnosis is indicated by a patient with a painful red eye, high intraocular pressure, and shallow anterior chamber?

    <p>Phacomorphic glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the S-T segment on an ECG represent?

    <p>Repolarization of the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by keratic precipitates in an eye examination?

    <p>Keratic precipitates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate treatment for a patient with severe eye pain, red eye, and a mid-dilated pupil?

    <p>I/V Mannitol and atropine eye drops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor would decrease peristalsis?

    <p>Increased sympathetic nervous activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is absorbed primarily in the jejunum?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probable diagnosis for a patient on Hydroxychloroquine presenting decreased vision?

    <p>Bull’s eye maculopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose absorption in enterocytes occurs via which type of transport?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion via SGLT 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a young man with drooping eyelids and double vision worsening in the evening, what condition should be investigated?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of salivary amylase is to:

    <p>Break down starch into maltose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme primarily breaks down proteins?

    <p>Carboxypeptidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vagus nerve primarily influences the enteric nervous system by:

    <p>Stimulating peristalsis and enzyme secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not form part of Waldeyer’s ring?

    <p>Submandibular glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a 65-year-old lady with decreased vision after cataract surgery?

    <p>Secondary cataract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cycloplegic agent is most suitable for refraction in a 6-year-old child with squint?

    <p>0.5% tropicamide drops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Trachoma is incorrect?

    <p>Azithromycin is the drug of the choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 20-year-old with night blindness and progressive vision loss is likely suffering from what condition?

    <p>Retinitis pigmentosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of irreversible vision loss 5 years after a metal work accident?

    <p>Siderosis bulbi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about sympathetic ophthalmia is false?

    <p>The first sign is retrolental flare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What grade of hypertensive retinopathy is indicated by disc edema and flame-shaped hemorrhages?

    <p>Grade 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best investigation to confirm the diagnosis in an 18-year-old boy showing a specific sign?

    <p>Corneal Tomography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely diagnosis, most common etiology, and treatment for a 54-year-old Canadian citizen visiting India who reported acute gastroenteritis?

    <p>Travellers’ diarrhea, ETEC, azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which triad is associated with Weil's disease in a 45-year-old janitor?

    <p>Rains, rice fields, rodent urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the correct combination of findings for a 65-year-old diagnosed by Duke’s criteria.

    <p>Oslers nodes, Janeways lesions, Roths spots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary focus findings in a 64-year-old with low grade evening fever, chronic cough, and hemoptysis?

    <p>Ghon’s, Ranke's, Simon’s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a 65-year-old with peptic ulcers and a positive C14 urease test, what is the diagnosis and treatment?

    <p>Helicobacter, clarithromycin + metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnosis, etiology, and treatment for a 25-year-old with a painful soft ulcer and inguinal bubo after unprotected contact?

    <p>Chancroid, Hemophilus ducreyi, azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnosis and treatment for a 20-year-old with ulnar nerve thickening?

    <p>Leprosy, Rifampicin, Clofazimine, Dapsone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can have similar manifestations as Naja naja snakebite?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interpretation for a patient with HBsAg + HBeAg positive and IgG Anti HBc + HBeAg negative?

    <p>Hepatitis B with high infectivity, Chronic Hepatitis B with low infectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vector is involved in a case presenting with fever, headache, and seizures following a mosquito bite?

    <p>Aedes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnosis is least likely for a child with fever and cephalocaudal rash after exposure at playschool?

    <p>Varicella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a laborer with fever and encephalitis after tasting palm toddy from an area inhabited by fruit bats?

    <p>Nipah, no treatment, no vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a syndrome matched to its corresponding virus?

    <p>Duncan syndrome - Epstein Barr virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conditions can be associated with a continuous machinery murmur in a 2-month-old baby due to transplacental infection?

    <p>Patent ductus arteriosus, congenital rubella, ibuprofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of an arbovirus exposure not seen in India, which viruses are most likely?

    <p>Ebola virus, Yellow fever virus, RFV virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these conditions describes a secondary effect leading to the presence of petechiae?

    <p>Thrombocytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    General Study Notes

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    • Summarize information in your own words, creating unique study notes.
    •  Maintain accuracy; if unsure about a fact, confirm it.
    • Create illustrations or diagrams when relevant, these aids understanding of complex topics.
    • Regularly review your notes and practice recalling information without looking at the material. Ask yourself questions about factual data.
    •  Use different colours and formats to make your notes visually appealing, this will help with memory and recall. Consider bullet points; numbering; underlining important concepts; using different coloured ink or highlighter.
    •  Actively engage with the learning material and form study groups. Discuss concepts, work on problems together, and quiz one another.
    •  Break down large tasks into smaller, more manageable sections, this will make the workload less overwhelming.

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