Rare Organic Minerals and Exogenic Processes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the three theories explaining the origin of the universe?

Steady State Theory, Pulsating Theory, Big Bang Theory

According to the Bible, how did the universe come into existence?

God created the heavens and the earth

What is the main idea of the Big Bang Theory?

The universe was condensed in a small particle and exploded in a big bang

Name three major theories that explain the origin of the solar system.

<p>Nebular Hypothesis, Accretion Theory, Tidal Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the geosphere?

<p>The geosphere includes all the rocks, minerals, and ground found on and in Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hydrosphere?

<p>The hydrosphere is all the water, solid or in liquid form, found on Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of Earth's water?

<p>The primary source of Earth's water is the ocean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the depth at which the Continental Shelf begins to slope more sharply downward?

<p>About 200 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature at a depth of 1,000 meters in the Mesopelagic zone?

<p>Less than 5°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the deepest layer of the ocean called?

<p>Hadal Zone or Trench Zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Earth's water is in the form of glaciers?

<p>About 2 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what spheres of the Earth are rocks and minerals found?

<p>Geosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

What parts of the Earth make up the hydrosphere?

<p>Seawater and inland water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of Earth's spheres is composed of a mixture of gases?

<p>Atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do only a few lives exist below the bathypelagic zone?

<p>All of these (no sunlight penetrates, water is very cold, water pressure is very high)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are convection currents and where do they arise?

<p>Convection currents are the movement of heat within a fluid or gas. They arise in the asthenosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are magma chambers formed in the crust?

<p>Magma chambers are formed in the crust under the influence of heat flow or heat carried by rising abyssal magma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes earthquakes?

<p>The accumulation and subsequent discharge of tectonic stresses along active faults causes earthquakes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are exogenic processes?

<p>Exogenic processes are geological phenomena and processes that originate externally to the Earth's surface, such as weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that can accelerate exogenic processes?

<p>Exogenic processes can be accelerated by human actions and can also have sources outside Earth, such as the influence of the Sun and Moon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is weathering?

<p>Weathering is the decomposition and disintegration of rocks and minerals at the Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are endogenic processes and what are their energy sources?

<p>Endogenic processes include tectonic movements of the crust, magmatism, metamorphism, and seismic activity. The energy sources for endogenic processes are heat and the redistribution of material in the Earth's interior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three general classes of rocks and how do they form?

<p>The three general classes of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from the cooling of melted rock, sedimentary rocks form from the compaction of separate particles or sediments, and metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are subjected to intense heat and pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rock cycle?

<p>The rock cycle is the continual transformation of rocks from one type to another through geologic processes. Rocks can be changed through weathering, heating, melting, cooling, and compaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are minerals and what are the most abundant components of rocks on Earth's surface?

<p>Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances with a specific chemical composition and an orderly repeating atomic structure. Silicate minerals are the most abundant components of rocks on Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are minerals classified and what are some examples of common rock-forming minerals?

<p>Minerals are classified according to their chemical composition. Some examples of common rock-forming minerals include quartz, calcite, garnet, and muscovite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Bible, the universe was created by ______

<p>God</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Steady State Theory proposes that new galaxies are filling the empty spaces created by ______

<p>heavenly bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Big Bang Theory suggests that the universe was once condensed in a small particle called ______

<p>primeval nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Earth is the only planet in the solar system capable of supporting ______.

<p>life</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Geosphere describes all of the rocks, minerals and ______ that are found on and in Earth.

<p>ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

Planet Earth has been called the 'Blue Planet' due to the abundant ______ on its surface.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

The oceans cover more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface and contain 97 percent of the Earth's ______.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rivers flow in ______.

<p>channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lakes are formed from the accumulation of large amounts of water in natural or artificial ______ on the surface of the land.

<p>depressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Groundwater is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand, and rocks called ______.

<p>aquifers</p> Signup and view all the answers

About 2 percent of Earth's waters is in the form of solid, a massive bodies of ice called ______.

<p>glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Convection currents may arise in the asthenosphere and they are hypothesized to be ______.

<p>lithosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gravitational differentiation has led to the stratification of the earth into ______ of varying density.

<p>geospheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

The accumulation and subsequent discharge of tectonic stresses along active faults causes ______.

<p>earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Detrital rocks are formed by the compaction of separate particles, or sediments, into a ______.

<p>rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

Molten material within the Earth is called ______; it is 'lava' once it has erupted onto the surface.

<p>magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rocks of earth's crust are constantly being recycled and changed into new forms through ______ processes.

<p>geologic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Minerals are the fundamental components of ______.

<p>rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organic substances with a definitive chemical formula are classified as _______

<p>minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exogenic processes originate externally to the ________

<p>Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mountains, valleys, and plains seem to change little, if at all, when left to nature, but they do change ___________

<p>continuously</p> Signup and view all the answers

Weathering is the decomposition and disintegration of rocks and minerals at the _________

<p>Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what sphere of the earth are the rocks and minerals found. a. ______ c. Hydrosphere b. Biosphere d. Geosphere

<p>Geosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

What parts of the earth make up the hydrosphere. a. Glaciers c. seawater and inland water b. ______ d. All of the above

<p>Groundwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of Earth's spheres is composed of a mixture of gases. a. Atmosphere c. Geosphere b. ______ d. Hydrosphere

<p>Biosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why only few lives exist below bathypelagic zone. a. No sunlight penetrates on this zone b. Water is very cold c. Water pressure is very high d. ______

<p>All of these</p> Signup and view all the answers

Detrital rocks are formed by the compaction of separate particles, or sediments, into a ______.

<p>rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rocks of earth's crust are constantly being recycled and changed into new forms through ______ processes.

<p>geologic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Minerals are the fundamental components of ______.

<p>rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Silicate minerals are the most abundant components of rocks on the Earth's surface, making up over 90% by mass of the Earth's ______.

<p>crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water temperature falls rapidly with depth to less than 5°C at 1,000 meters. This sharp transition, which is called the ________, inhibits vertical mixing between denser, colder water at depths and warmer water nearer the surface.

<p>thermocline</p> Signup and view all the answers

The deepest trench on earth is Mariana Trench, also called Marianas Trench, lies in the floor of the western North Pacific ________.

<p>Ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rivers flow in ________.

<p>channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

About 2 percent of Earth's waters is in the form of solid, a massive bodies of ice called ________.

<p>glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the ______, the entire universe was once condensed in a very small and compact particle called primeval nucleus.

<p>Big Bang Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Theory proposes that the overall structure of the universe is always the same at any point in time and space.

<p>Steady State</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Theory assumes that there is continuous expansion and contraction in the universe.

<p>Pulsating</p> Signup and view all the answers

Earth is the only planet in the solar system capable of supporting ______.

<p>life</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Geosphere describes all of the rocks, minerals and ______ that are found on and in Earth.

<p>ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

Planet Earth has been called the 'Blue Planet' due to the abundant ______ on its surface.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

The oceans cover more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface and contain 97 percent of the Earth's ______.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the influence of the heat flow or under the direct influence of the heat carried by rising abyssal magma , magma chambers form in the crust itself. Reaching the near surface parts, the magma is intruded into them in the form of variously shaped intrusive bodies or is extruded onto the surface , forming volcanoes.  Gravitational differentiation has led to the stratification of the earth into geospheres of varying density.  Is also manifested in the form of tectonic movements , which, in turn, lead to the tectonic deformation of crustal and upper mantle rocks.  The accumulation and subsequent discharge of tectonic stresses along active faults causes ______. It is hypothesized that a combination of these processes leads to the temporal unevenness of the release of heat and light matter toward the surface , which.

<p>earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Convection currents may arise in the asthenosphere and they are hypothesized to be ______.

<p>lithosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gravitational differentiation has led to the stratification of the earth into ______ of varying density.

<p>geospheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exogenic processes include geological phenomena and processes that originate externally to the Earth’s surface. Generally related to the: atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, and therefore to processes of: o weathering, o erosion, o transportation, o deposition, o denudation etc. Exogenic factors and processes could also have sources outside Earth, for instance under the influence of the Sun, Moon, etc. The above mentioned processes constitute essential landform-shaping factors. Their rate and activity very often depends on local conditions, and can also be accelerated by human actions. The combined functions of exogenic and endogenic factors influences the present complicated picture of the Earth’s surface.

<p>Endogenic processes include tectonic movements of the crust, magmatism , metamorphism, and seismic activity. Endogenic processes have been responsible for shaping the earth’s relief and the formation of many of the important mineral resources. The principal energy sources for endogenic processes are: 1. heat 2 the redistribution of material in the earth’s interior according to density - The earth’s deep heat originates chiefly from radiation. - The continuous generation of heat in the earth’s interior results in the flow of heat toward the surface. With the proper combination of materials, temperature, and pressure, chambers and layers of partial melting may occur a t certain depths within the earth. The asthenosphere, the primary source of magma formation, is such a layer in the upper mantle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Weathering is the decomposition and disintegration of rocks and minerals at the Earth’s surface. Erosion is the removal of weathered rocks and minerals by moving water, wind, glaciers and gravity. The four processes – weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition work together to modify the earth’s surface.

<p>Freezing and thawing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water expands when it freezes. If water accumulates in a crack and then freezes, its expansion pushes the rock apart and the process is called ______

<p>frost wedging</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water expands when it freezes. If water accumulates in a crack and then freezes, its expansion pushes the rock apart and the process is called frost wedging. In a temperate climate, water may freeze at night and thaw during the day. Ice cements the rock temporarily, but when it melts, the rock fragments may tumble from a steep cliff. Large piles of loose angular rocks, called talus slopes, lie beneath many cliffs. These rocks fell from the cliffs mainly as a result of ______

<p>frost wedging</p> Signup and view all the answers

Continental crust is mostly composed of different types of ______

<p>granites</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rocks of the oceanic crust are referred to as “______” which stands for silicate and magnesium

<p>sima</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mantle lies between Earth’s dense, super heated core and its thin outer layer, the ______

<p>crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

The core is made almost entirely of ______ and nickel

<p>iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

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