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Questions and Answers
What is the vapor pressure of pure hexane at 60 °C?
What is the vapor pressure of pure hexane at 60 °C?
If the freezing point of the solvent is 0 °C, what is 𝚫𝚫𝑻𝑻𝑓𝑓 for a solution with a freezing point of -2 °C?
If the freezing point of the solvent is 0 °C, what is 𝚫𝚫𝑻𝑻𝑓𝑓 for a solution with a freezing point of -2 °C?
What is the molality of the sucrose solution formed by adding 10.0 g of sucrose to 100.0 mL of water?
What is the molality of the sucrose solution formed by adding 10.0 g of sucrose to 100.0 mL of water?
What does 𝚫𝚫𝑻𝑻𝒃𝒃 represent in the context of the freezing point depression equation?
What does 𝚫𝚫𝑻𝑻𝒃𝒃 represent in the context of the freezing point depression equation?
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If a solution has a freezing point depression of -5 °C, what would be the effect on the boiling point of the solution?
If a solution has a freezing point depression of -5 °C, what would be the effect on the boiling point of the solution?
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Study Notes
Solution Concentration Units
- Molarity (M): mol/L
- Molality (m): mol/kg
- Mole Fraction (χ): no unit
- Mole Percent (mol %): no unit
- Parts by Mass Percent (%): no unit
- Parts per Million by Mass (ppm): no unit
- Parts per Billion by Mass (ppb): no unit
- Parts by Volume (% or ppm or ppb): no unit
Henry's Law
- Henry's Law Constant (𝒌𝒌𝑯𝑯): M/atm
- Solubility of the gas (𝑺𝑺𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈): M
- Partial pressure of the gas (𝑷𝑷𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈): atm
Colligative Properties
- Colligative properties depend on the amount of solute particles, not the type of particle
- Raoult's Law: 𝑷𝑷𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 = 𝝌𝝌𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔
- Terms:
- 𝑷𝑷𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔: vapor pressure of the solvent over the solution
- 𝑷𝑷𝒐𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔: vapor pressure of the pure solvent
- 𝝌𝝌𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔: mole fraction of the solvent
Problem-Solving Strategies
- Skill Builder: Nitrogenated water problem
- Calculate concentration of N2 in water (in M) in a sealed container
- Calculate molarity of N2 in the solution after opening and "going flat"
- Vapor pressure of an aqueous solution with a nonvolatile solute problem
- Calculate mole fraction of solute in the solution
- Ideal solutions: solute-solvent, solute-solute, and solvent-solvent interactions have similar magnitude
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Description
Test your understanding of Raoult’s Law by calculating the mole fraction of solute in an aqueous solution with a nonvolatile solute based on vapor pressure data. This quiz is based on Eq 13.4 in a textbook.
