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Questions and Answers
Why should the solvent used in liquid extraction not have high latent heat of vaporisation?
Why should the solvent used in liquid extraction not have high latent heat of vaporisation?
What is the order of liquid diffusivity in cm2/second?
What is the order of liquid diffusivity in cm2/second?
What is the effect on the pressure drop in a packed tower being irrigated with liquid compared to a dry packed tower?
What is the effect on the pressure drop in a packed tower being irrigated with liquid compared to a dry packed tower?
Which of the following is an example of a maximum boiling azeotrope?
Which of the following is an example of a maximum boiling azeotrope?
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In option (ii) as compared to option (i), which of the following is true?
In option (ii) as compared to option (i), which of the following is true?
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What is the law followed by the partial pressure distribution of an ideal gas diffusing through another stagnant ideal gas at steady state?
What is the law followed by the partial pressure distribution of an ideal gas diffusing through another stagnant ideal gas at steady state?
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Why is it necessary to consider the composition of the residue in liquid extraction?
Why is it necessary to consider the composition of the residue in liquid extraction?
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What is the effect of using a solvent with high latent heat of vaporization in liquid extraction?
What is the effect of using a solvent with high latent heat of vaporization in liquid extraction?
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What type of resistance controls the liquid phase in wet bulb?
What type of resistance controls the liquid phase in wet bulb?
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What happens to the separation efficiency as the reflux ratio decreases?
What happens to the separation efficiency as the reflux ratio decreases?
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What is the relationship between drying time and moisture content within the constant rate period?
What is the relationship between drying time and moisture content within the constant rate period?
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Which equation applies to diffusivities in liquids?
Which equation applies to diffusivities in liquids?
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What is the main difference between a packed tower and a plate tower for a particular mass transfer operation?
What is the main difference between a packed tower and a plate tower for a particular mass transfer operation?
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Which equipment is not used for gas dispersion?
Which equipment is not used for gas dispersion?
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What happens to the composition of the flash vapor when Raoult's law is obeyed?
What happens to the composition of the flash vapor when Raoult's law is obeyed?
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What is the effect of increasing the reflux ratio on the number of plates in a distillation column?
What is the effect of increasing the reflux ratio on the number of plates in a distillation column?
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Raoult's law is applicable to which of the following types of solutions?
Raoult's law is applicable to which of the following types of solutions?
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In distillation columns, the number of bubble caps per tray primarily depends on which factor?
In distillation columns, the number of bubble caps per tray primarily depends on which factor?
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What does a sharp decrease in pressure drop indicate in a distillation column?
What does a sharp decrease in pressure drop indicate in a distillation column?
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Which of the following methods is more accurate for determining theoretical stages in non-ideal binary systems?
Which of the following methods is more accurate for determining theoretical stages in non-ideal binary systems?
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In distillation, what does the overhead product usually contain?
In distillation, what does the overhead product usually contain?
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What components are used in determining relative volatility when Raoult's and Dalton's laws are obeyed?
What components are used in determining relative volatility when Raoult's and Dalton's laws are obeyed?
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Which type of distillation is suitable for separating components with very close boiling temperatures?
Which type of distillation is suitable for separating components with very close boiling temperatures?
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Which factor is not critical in determining the efficiency of a distillation column?
Which factor is not critical in determining the efficiency of a distillation column?
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Which color of paint would heat up the maximum by radiation from the sun?
Which color of paint would heat up the maximum by radiation from the sun?
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What device is typically used to separate liquid droplets from vapor in evaporators?
What device is typically used to separate liquid droplets from vapor in evaporators?
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What does the Prandtl number represent?
What does the Prandtl number represent?
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How is the fouling factor for a heat exchanger defined?
How is the fouling factor for a heat exchanger defined?
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Which term defines the effect of elevation on the boiling point of a solution?
Which term defines the effect of elevation on the boiling point of a solution?
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What is the relationship represented by conductance?
What is the relationship represented by conductance?
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Which number describes the ratio involving mass and thermal diffusivity?
Which number describes the ratio involving mass and thermal diffusivity?
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What determines the impact of temperature on solution boiling points?
What determines the impact of temperature on solution boiling points?
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What is the range for the higher shell side heat transfer coefficient in a multipass shell and tube heat exchanger?
What is the range for the higher shell side heat transfer coefficient in a multipass shell and tube heat exchanger?
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The LMTD correction factor for a multipass shell and tube heat exchanger is always:
The LMTD correction factor for a multipass shell and tube heat exchanger is always:
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Which of the following must be true for heat transfer to a fluid flowing through a tube?
Which of the following must be true for heat transfer to a fluid flowing through a tube?
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To find the mass of moisture removed when drying 1000 kg of wet solids from 60% to 20% moisture, which calculation is correct?
To find the mass of moisture removed when drying 1000 kg of wet solids from 60% to 20% moisture, which calculation is correct?
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Which method is best for the concentration of highly concentrated solutions?
Which method is best for the concentration of highly concentrated solutions?
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What should be the phase relationship in a plane wall made of two different solids at steady state?
What should be the phase relationship in a plane wall made of two different solids at steady state?
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For fluids flowing through a heat exchanger, which exit condition typically indicates optimal heat transfer?
For fluids flowing through a heat exchanger, which exit condition typically indicates optimal heat transfer?
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Which Graetz number condition implies that heat transfer may be limited in a flow scenario?
Which Graetz number condition implies that heat transfer may be limited in a flow scenario?
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Study Notes
Raoult's Law and Distillation
- Raoult's law pertains to all liquid solutions and non-volatile solute behaviors in ideal systems.
- In distillation columns, the number of bubble caps on each tray is influenced by allowable liquid and gas velocities, as well as feed composition.
- A sharp pressure drop in a distillation column indicates flooding, a sign of operational failure.
Distillation Products
- The overhead product in distillation typically contains two components, not just one.
- Relative volatility in a binary system adheres to Raoult's and Dalton's laws, expressed as the ratio of vapor pressures of components.
Diffusivity and Extraction
- Liquid diffusivity is typically in the range of 10^-5 to 10^-6 cm²/second.
- Solvents used in liquid extraction should have low latent heat of vaporization to minimize costs and risks during recovery.
Packed vs. Plate Towers
- Packed towers often provide higher heat transfer coefficients compared to plate towers during mass transfer operations.
- The pressure drop in a packed tower with liquid irrigation is lower than in a dry packed tower.
Drying Processes and Vaporization
- The drying time during the constant rate period increases with the square root of the thickness of the solid.
- For flash vaporization of a binary mixture, changing feed composition affects the outcome when Raoult's law is applicable.
Heat Transfer and Exchange
- The LMTD correction factor for a multipass shell and tube heat exchanger is always greater than one.
- The Nusselt number relates heat transfer to fluid flow characteristics, indicating efficiency.
Radiation and Fouling Factors
- A black-painted tank absorbs maximum solar radiation, whereas white reflects it.
- Fouling factors in heat exchangers are derived from the difference in heat transfer coefficients between dirty and clean surfaces.
Conductance and Concentration Techniques
- Conductance is calculated using thickness, heat flow area, and thermal conductivity parameters.
- Vacuum evaporators are suitable for concentrating highly concentrated solutions due to their efficiency.
Miscellaneous Concepts
- The partial pressure distribution of an ideal gas diffusing through another gas follows exponential law behavior.
- Prandtl number represents the ratio of mass diffusivity to thermal diffusivity, critical in assessing heat transfer performance.
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Description
This quiz deals with Raoult's Law and its application in different scenarios, including ideal and non-ideal solutions. It also touches on distillation and the comparison of methods used in it.
