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Questions and Answers
What primarily ensures the guiding of a railway vehicle?
What primarily ensures the guiding of a railway vehicle?
- The weight of the vehicle
- The action of viscoelastic contact forces (correct)
- The flanges on the wheels
- The design of the rails
What happens when the cone angle of a wheelset is insufficient?
What happens when the cone angle of a wheelset is insufficient?
- The restoring forces toward the center disappear (correct)
- The contact with the rail is enhanced
- The vehicle is guided by the flanges
- The wheelset moves randomly
What is the recommended concity ratio for effective control of hunting wavelength?
What is the recommended concity ratio for effective control of hunting wavelength?
- 1/50 or 0.02
- 1/20 or 0.05
- 1/10 or 0.1
- 1/40 or 0.025 (correct)
What is the approximate contact clearance between wheelset and track under normal conditions?
What is the approximate contact clearance between wheelset and track under normal conditions?
What does the oscillatory graph movement of a logic about its vertical axis harmonize with?
What does the oscillatory graph movement of a logic about its vertical axis harmonize with?
What is indicated if the restoring force is excessive due to a cone angle that is too steep?
What is indicated if the restoring force is excessive due to a cone angle that is too steep?
What is set by the critical speed in the context of railway dynamics?
What is set by the critical speed in the context of railway dynamics?
How much does the angular amplitude of oscillatory movements exceed within normal parameters?
How much does the angular amplitude of oscillatory movements exceed within normal parameters?
What primarily restricts the movement of a wheelset to a predetermined trajectory?
What primarily restricts the movement of a wheelset to a predetermined trajectory?
What is a secondary function of flanges on railway wheels?
What is a secondary function of flanges on railway wheels?
What is the function of ballast in railway tracks?
What is the function of ballast in railway tracks?
What does cant deficiency refer to in railway terminology?
What does cant deficiency refer to in railway terminology?
Which term describes the movement of rails along the track?
Which term describes the movement of rails along the track?
What defines the gauge of a railway track?
What defines the gauge of a railway track?
What does gradient refer to in railway terminology?
What does gradient refer to in railway terminology?
What is a point and crossing in railway systems?
What is a point and crossing in railway systems?
When is a flange considered a 'deep flange'?
When is a flange considered a 'deep flange'?
What is meant by 'sharp flange' in rail terminology?
What is meant by 'sharp flange' in rail terminology?
What is the purpose of a tongue rail in railway systems?
What is the purpose of a tongue rail in railway systems?
What does 'cross level' measure in railway terminology?
What does 'cross level' measure in railway terminology?
What determines the trajectories of wheelsets in relation to the rail?
What determines the trajectories of wheelsets in relation to the rail?
Which situation is not typically attributed to the flanges on railway wheels?
Which situation is not typically attributed to the flanges on railway wheels?
What is the consequence of an excessive cone angle in the context of wheelsets?
What is the consequence of an excessive cone angle in the context of wheelsets?
What is the ideal ratio of concity to control hunting wavelength effectively?
What is the ideal ratio of concity to control hunting wavelength effectively?
What is the maximum angular amplitude of oscillatory movements in a normal situation?
What is the maximum angular amplitude of oscillatory movements in a normal situation?
What primary factor limits ideal movement situations in railway dynamics?
What primary factor limits ideal movement situations in railway dynamics?
Under normal conditions, what width is the contact between rail and wheel confined to?
Under normal conditions, what width is the contact between rail and wheel confined to?
What influences the magnitude of restoring force in a wheelset?
What influences the magnitude of restoring force in a wheelset?
What is the typical wavelength associated with hunting in a well-defined wheelset?
What is the typical wavelength associated with hunting in a well-defined wheelset?
What is the impact of cant deficiency on train speed?
What is the impact of cant deficiency on train speed?
What does the term 'flange force' refer to in railway systems?
What does the term 'flange force' refer to in railway systems?
Which condition describes a 'hollow tyre' in railway terms?
Which condition describes a 'hollow tyre' in railway terms?
In rail terminology, how is 'formation' defined?
In rail terminology, how is 'formation' defined?
What is measured by 'cross level' in railway engineering?
What is measured by 'cross level' in railway engineering?
Which factor primarily describes the gradient of a railway track?
Which factor primarily describes the gradient of a railway track?
What distinguishes a 'stock rail' from other rails?
What distinguishes a 'stock rail' from other rails?
What defines the term 'cant' in relation to railway curves?
What defines the term 'cant' in relation to railway curves?
Which of the following best describes 'creep' in railway terminology?
Which of the following best describes 'creep' in railway terminology?
How is 'sharp flange' defined in the context of railway wheels?
How is 'sharp flange' defined in the context of railway wheels?
What role do the flanges of railway wheels primarily serve?
What role do the flanges of railway wheels primarily serve?
What happens to a wheelset when the restoring forces towards the center disappear?
What happens to a wheelset when the restoring forces towards the center disappear?
What is the wavelength associated with hunting when the concity is 1/40?
What is the wavelength associated with hunting when the concity is 1/40?
During normal conditions, what is the width of contact between the wheelset and track?
During normal conditions, what is the width of contact between the wheelset and track?
The angular amplitude of oscillatory movements about the vertical axis does not exceed what value?
The angular amplitude of oscillatory movements about the vertical axis does not exceed what value?
What does the contact between the rail and wheel rely on, in terms of track parameters?
What does the contact between the rail and wheel rely on, in terms of track parameters?
What limits the ideal situation of railway dynamics according to the context?
What limits the ideal situation of railway dynamics according to the context?
When the cone angle is excessive, what type of restoring force is typically generated?
When the cone angle is excessive, what type of restoring force is typically generated?
What environmental factor plays a pivotal role in determining wheelset movement in relation to track parameters?
What environmental factor plays a pivotal role in determining wheelset movement in relation to track parameters?
What occurs when the oscillatory movements and hunting movements are not in harmony?
What occurs when the oscillatory movements and hunting movements are not in harmony?
What is the purpose of ballast in railway tracks?
What is the purpose of ballast in railway tracks?
What does cant deficiency refer to?
What does cant deficiency refer to?
Which term describes the longitudinal movement of rails in the track?
Which term describes the longitudinal movement of rails in the track?
Which aspect measures the relative difference in vertical levels of the rails?
Which aspect measures the relative difference in vertical levels of the rails?
What does the term 'formation' refer to in railway terminology?
What does the term 'formation' refer to in railway terminology?
What is 'super-elevation' or 'cant' in relation to railway curves?
What is 'super-elevation' or 'cant' in relation to railway curves?
Flashcards
Ballast
Ballast
The material used as an elastic cushion between the sleepers and the top of the formation.
Cant or Superelevation
Cant or Superelevation
The difference in vertical level between the outer and inner rails on a curve, where the outer rail is raised higher.
Cant deficiency
Cant deficiency
The difference between the ideal cant for a maximum speed on a curve and the actual cant provided.
Cross level
Cross level
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Creep
Creep
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Deep flange
Deep flange
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Flange force
Flange force
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Formation
Formation
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Gauge
Gauge
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Gradient or grade
Gradient or grade
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Conical Wheelset Guiding Force
Conical Wheelset Guiding Force
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Wheelset Angle
Wheelset Angle
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Optimal Angle
Optimal Angle
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Hunting Movement
Hunting Movement
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Oscillation Amplitude
Oscillation Amplitude
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Critical Speed
Critical Speed
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Flange's Role
Flange's Role
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Consistent Wheel/Rail Contact
Consistent Wheel/Rail Contact
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Wheelset/Track Clearance
Wheelset/Track Clearance
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Combined System for Safe Operation
Combined System for Safe Operation
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Managing Hunting Movement
Managing Hunting Movement
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Hollow tyre
Hollow tyre
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Tongue rail
Tongue rail
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Running edge of the rail
Running edge of the rail
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Switch
Switch
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Wheelset Guiding Mechanism
Wheelset Guiding Mechanism
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Restoring Force
Restoring Force
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Conical Wheelset Angle
Conical Wheelset Angle
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Gradient
Gradient
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Study Notes
Railway Vehicle Guiding
- Railway vehicle guiding is primarily ensured by the visco-elastic contact forces between wheel and rail surfaces.
- Wheel flanges act as block stops for abnormal situations like running surface wear and switch/crossing work.
Insufficient Cone Angle
- Insufficient cone angle results in the loss of centering forces.
- The moving wheelset then permanently contacts a flange, which is not designed for this prolonged pressure.
Excessive Cone Angle
- Excessive cone angle leads to excessive restoring forces, especially with short wavelengths (e.g., less than 20 meters).
- Concities, according to calculation and experience, should be around 1/40 or 0.025. Hunting is minimized by this configuration.
Wheel-Rail Contact
- The contact between wheels and rails is usually confined to about 8mm of a 18-20mm clearance. This contact is not random.
- The movement is determined by track parameters, gauge, leveling.
- Similar wheelset trajectories are observed across different days.
- Contact is confined to approximately 8mm, far from the full 18-20mm clearance between the wheelset and the track.
Oscillatory Movement
- Oscillatory movements of the wheel set align with hunting movements.
- Oscillation amplitude does not exceed 2.5 meters (approximately 10 minutes of arc).
Critical Speed
- Critical speed defines a definitive limit in ideal wheel-rail conditions.
Glossary Terms
- Ballast: Material between sleepers and the top of formation, acting as a cushion.
- Cant/Superelevation: Outer rail on curves is raised higher than the inner rail.
- Cant Deficiency: Difference between required cant and the provided cant.
- Cross Level: Difference in vertical levels at the top of left and right rails.
- Creep: Longitudinal movement of rails on the track.
- Deep Flange: Flange depth exceeding 35mm.
- Flange Force: Force exerted by wheel flange during movement.
- Formation: Flat earthwork surface on embankments or cuttings.
- Gauge: Distance between running edges of rails.
- Gradient: Amount of longitudinal slope of a railway track.
- Hollow Tyre: Tyre hollowness exceeding 5mm.
Point & Crossing
- Assembly for train movement between tracks
- Running Edge of Rail: Rail edge touched by wheel flange
- Sharp Flange: Worn flange where radius at tip is below 5mm.
- Stock Rail: Main line rail where tongue rails are engaged.
- Switch: Stock rail and associated tongue rail set.
- Tongue Rail: Tapered rail (heel and toe) for switching tracks.
Additional Terms
- Thin Flange: Flange thickness below 16mm.
- Throw of Switch: Distance tongue rail moves at switch toe (114mm on Indian railway).
- Twist: Change in cross level variation per meter.
- Transition of Curve: Easement of curve that has a uniform degree change.
- Wheel Base: Distance between two adjacent axles.
- Wheel Gauge: Distance between inner surfaces of left and right wheel flanges on an axle.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental principles of railway vehicle guiding, focusing on the role of cone angles and wheel-rail contact. It discusses how insufficient and excessive cone angles affect wheelset performance and overall vehicle stability. Test your knowledge on these critical concepts in railway engineering!
