Railway Electrification Survey
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What is a critical consideration for designing overhead equipment (OHE) on through girder bridges?

  • Design should ignore potential future modifications.
  • Support locations must be defined during the survey. (correct)
  • Only the alignment of the bridge is relevant.
  • The design must prioritize aesthetics over functionality.

    • In tunnel designs for OHE, what is an important factor to ensure headroom?

  • Long spans between supports are preferred.
  • High-temperature tolerance of materials is not necessary.
  • Anticreeps and overlaps should be placed within the tunnel.
  • Spans should be kept short. (correct)

    • What should be done prior to finalizing OHE design in tunnels?

  • Ignore civil engineering restrictions.
  • Establish a single universal design for all tunnels.
  • Only focus on aesthetic designs.
  • Assess seasonal temperature effects in the tunnel. (correct)

    • How should the design for OHE account for potential yard remodelling works?

    <p>Design should incorporate planned remodelling in the prepegging plan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When marking out the locations for track construction, which professional should coordinate with the OHE design engineer?

    <p>Civil engineer in charge of track construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of modifying existing power supply arrangements in railway electrification?

    <p>To immunize the system against induced voltages due to traction current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors influences the choice of power supply system for railway electrification?

    <p>The demand for power based on traffic volume and type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of signal and telecommunications in railway electrification, what does 'immunization' refer to?

    <p>Protecting signals from the induction effects of traction power supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of alterations might be needed for civil engineering when implementing a 25 kV AC system in railway electrification?

    <p>Modifications to overline structures for clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect is essential for the successful implementation of railway electrification projects?

    <p>Coordination among different engineering disciplines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which facility type is directly related to the maintenance of electric locomotives?

    <p>Loco sheds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of implementing a 2 X 25 kV Auto Transformer system in railway electrification?

    <p>Potential for lower power loss over longer distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Break Even Level of traffic density refer to?

    <p>The minimum acceptable rate of return on investment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is NOT mentioned as a benefit of electric traction compared to diesel traction?

    <p>Easier maintenance procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the electrification of the Howrah-Burdwan section completed?

    <p>1958</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the common system of supply used for electric traction by the 1930s?

    <p>1500 V dc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major infrastructure was a requirement for electric traction systems?

    <p>Complex rectifier substations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major disadvantage of earlier electrification efforts discussed?

    <p>High costs of electrification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these cities in India had electrified suburban sections by 1930?

    <p>Bombay and Madras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main reasons for the increased traffic over electrified sections?

    <p>Higher gradients on these sections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How was power generated for electrified railway sections in India mentioned?

    <p>By the Great Indian Peninsular Railway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum distance permissible from the centre of turnout to the contact wire for the track with a turnout of 1 in 12?

    <p>20.15 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much horizontal separation is required between two contact wires at the support to prevent interference?

    <p>50 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required staggering distance towards the main track for the contact wire at a turnout?

    <p>300 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum distance an OHE structure should be placed behind a signal?

    <p>10 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the turnout of 1 in 20, what is the distance from the centre of the turn-out to the toe?

    <p>23.75 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum separation required between two contact wires for optimal performance?

    <p>50 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the curvature on a turn-out require for staggering?

    <p>300 mm stagger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which track turnout is the maximum distance from the centre of the turnout to the nose least?

    <p>1 in 8 1/2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum separation from the centre of turnout to the contact wire on the main track for a turnout of 1 in 16?

    <p>26.85 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a requirement for an OHE structure's location in relation to a signal?

    <p>Should not be nearer than 10 m behind a signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum setting distance for the first Semaphore signal in a series of five?

    <p>3.05 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far in advance of the stop signals must colour light signals be located?

    <p>600 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum tension length for regulated OHE?

    <p>1500 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are insulated overlaps located?

    <p>At sites selected for subsectioning and paralleling posts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be ensured on curved tracks for positioning structures?

    <p>Best continued visibility of signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum tension length of conductors for unregulated OHE?

    <p>2000 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary if the insulated overlap is on a curve with a radius of 5000 m or sharper?

    <p>A four span overlap becomes necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distance limits the clearance between the brackets for a central 4 span insulated overlap?

    <p>600 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should finalize the setting distances and lanes for OHE structures on curved tracks?

    <p>A joint field inspection team of Electrical and Signal Engineers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required setting distance for the second Semaphore signal in the series?

    <p>2.9 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily recorded on the Pegging Plan during the finalization of the OHE layout?

    <p>Quantity and details of OHE structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plan is created as an 'As completed' plan for maintenance organization after the OHE construction is finished?

    <p>The OHE Layout Plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evaluating electromagnetic and electrostatic induction for overhead distribution lines?

    <p>To assess electrical interference with signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the OHE layout planning process, what is the significance of the staggers of contact wire?

    <p>To maintain consistent electrical performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific information does the OHE Layout Plan provide regarding the conductor run?

    <p>Details of 'in run' and 'out of run' contact wires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the foot by foot survey in railway electrification projects?

    <p>To prepare the Overhead Equipment Layout designs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scale used for longitudinal view on the survey sheets for open routes?

    <p>1:1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What document is essential for guiding the designs of Overhead Equipment Layout?

    <p>Principles for OHE Layout Plans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is referred to as the final plan that incorporates modifications based on site conditions?

    <p>Pegging Plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is not a purpose of maintaining a surveyor's field book?

    <p>To provide financial estimates for the project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which detail is crucial for the accurate preparation of survey plans?

    <p>Maintaining the surveyor's field book</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is critical for the estimation of quantities and cost estimates in railway electrification?

    <p>Final Pegging Plan issued based on surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for completing track structure improvements before OHE work?

    <p>To prevent cost overruns associated with OHE alterations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should field sketches ensure during the surveying process?

    <p>They must be promptly transferred from field books to avoid omissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which standard is referenced for the preparation of survey sheets?

    <p>RDSO’s Specification No.ETI/OHE/25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should each sheet of field sketches ideally represent?

    <p>Details for 250 m of track and cross-sections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for major yards with multiple lines to have special sketch requirements?

    <p>To meet geographical conditions and complexities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vertical distance represented by each line on a field sketch for open routes?

    <p>50 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for the drawings prepared from field sketches?

    <p>They should be made on tracing paper in ink.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does joint inspection with open line officials serve in preparing improvements?

    <p>It allows for better planning through shared insights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the focus when preparing prepegging plans on survey sheets?

    <p>Following the principles for OHE layout plans and sectioning diagrams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum setting distance required for the third Semaphore signal in the series of five?

    <p>2.75 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For colour light signals, what is the maximum distance specified for placement in advance of a stop signal?

    <p>600 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum allowable tension length between the anticreep central mast and the balance weight anchor mast for regulated OHE?

    <p>750 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of jointly inspecting the location for OHE structures on curved tracks?

    <p>To ensure visibility of signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of overlaps, what is the primary factor considered for inserting uninsulated overlaps?

    <p>Minimum number of overlaps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What requirement is imposed if an insulated overlap is located on a curve with a radius of sharpness of 5000 m or less?

    <p>A 4 span overlap is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum tension length permitted for unregulated OHE?

    <p>2000 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition must be met regarding the distance between brackets for the 4 span insulated overlap?

    <p>Limited to 600 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of locating insulated overlaps at specific sites for sectioning and paralleling posts?

    <p>To ensure effective power distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for finalizing the setting distances and lanes for OHE structures?

    <p>A collaborative field team</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initial step should be taken in the preparation of prepegging plans?

    <p>Commence with a soft pencil on a print of the survey sheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following details is NOT included in the prepegging plan during site verification?

    <p>Marked positions of earth wire supports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When adjusting the location of structures, what is a primary goal?

    <p>Minimize the number of structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of anticreep central masts in the prepegging plan?

    <p>To indicate the number of spans and distances to anchors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after the prepegging plan is finalized and deemed satisfactory?

    <p>Mark structure numbers and chainages on the plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the prepegging plan be transferred after initial trials?

    <p>To an inked tracing of the survey sheet in soft pencil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of overlapped conductors should be located for supply control posts?

    <p>Insulated, uninsulated, and neutral sections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When locating main and loop line cantilevers at a station, what orientation is recommended?

    <p>Umbrella fashion on a common mast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marking should be clearly indicated on the prepegging plan?

    <p>Number of brackets on a mast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Railway Electrification Survey

    • Purpose: Electric power contact lines (overhead conductors) provide energy to electrically driven locomotives or train sets. Electric power offers greater power capacity than diesel, allowing heavier trains and higher speeds. Electric Multiple Units (EMUs) are good for commuter services due to their quick reversal.
    • Advantages: Electric traction has lower operational/maintenance costs, better fuel efficiency (using less scarce diesel oil), and higher traffic throughput. The capital cost for electric traction is often worthwhile for high-traffic routes.

    Main Railway Electrification Works

    • Contact System: Providing an economical and reliable power delivery system for the moving electric stock.
    • Power Supply: Designing and managing the power supply arrangements.
    • Switching & Protective Gear: Providing switches and protective gear to control the flow of power.
    • Monitoring & Remote Control: Monitoring and remotely controlling the power supply.
    • Immunization: Protecting signalling and telecommunication circuits from electromagnetic and electrostatic induction effects of 25 KV, 50 Hz single-phase traction.
    • Modernization: Updating signalling and telecommunication systems.
    • Maintenance/Operations: Providing facilities for maintaining and operating the electric traction system.

    Discipline-wise Division of Work

    • Electrical: Providing overhead equipment, booster transformers, and return conductors.
    • Signal & Telecommunications: Installing and maintaining signal systems and telecommunication lines, including protection against induction.
    • Civil: Performing yard remodeling, constructing infrastructure (locomotive sheds, staff quarters, etc.), and modifying existing structures to meet electrical specifications.

    Route Selection Considerations

    • Traffic Density: Railway electrification is typically prioritized for high-traffic routes. Electrifying short spurs or connecting lines can also be beneficial for improving rolling stock mobility.
    • Financial Evaluation: A Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) technique assesses the viability of electrification projects. Comparing costs (diesel vs. electric) over a timeframe like 30 years is vital. Key considerations include lower fuel costs, fewer locomotives, and lower maintenance.

    Survey for Electrification

    • Feasibility: Assessing the suitability of a chosen route for electrification considering factors like available power supply, terrain suitability, and terminal yards for traction changes.
    • Cost Assessment: Evaluating the cost of the project.
    • Financial Viability: Determining the economic justification of the investment.

    Foot-by-Foot Survey

    • Traffic Assessment: Assessing passenger and freight traffic projections, including requirements for special trains.
    • Power Availability: Determining the reliability and quantity of power supply.
    • Terrain Assessment: Evaluating the terrain, terminal yards (modifications), signalling/telecommunication installations, and overline structures for suitability and modifications.

    Over Head Equipments - Other Key Considerations

    • Early Years: Electric traction was initially used on suburban and high-density lines, often at 1500V DC or similar voltages.
    • Post-War II: The adoption of 25 kV AC 50 Hz single-phase technology became common and more efficient (due to higher reliability and lower costs). This system required extra-high-voltage (132 KV) grids to provide electricity to the infrastructure.
    • Corporate Plans: Indian railways have identified routes for electrification based on high-traffic density, extending/connecting existing lines, and passenger needs.
    • Route Choice Considerations: High traffic density, improvements in rolling stock mobility (via spur lines or track connections), and availability of power are all important in deciding which routes should be electrified.

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    Railway Electrification Survey PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricacies of railway electrification, including the advantages of electric traction and the main works involved in setting up an electric power system for trains. This quiz covers essential topics like contact systems, power supply, and monitoring technologies. Perfect for those interested in railway engineering and electrification.

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