10 Questions
What is the purpose of a Contamination Control Area (CCA)?
To prevent radioactive contamination transfer between contaminated and non-contaminated areas
Which instruments are preferred for handheld monitoring of large areas for surface contamination?
Proportional counters
What is the difference between fixed and loose surface contamination?
Fixed contamination cannot be easily spread, while loose contamination can be easily spread
How is access controlled in a Contamination Control Area (CCA)?
Through changes of clothing, gloves, and footwear as required
Which instruments can discriminate between Alpha and Beta contamination?
Proportional counters and dual phosphor scintillation counters
What is the Hazard Posting Limit for Loose Surface Contamination at Bruce Power and OPG?
0 μCi/m2
What is the main purpose of a Radioactive Work Area (RWA)?
To perform radioactive work within defined boundaries
Which technique is used for indirect survey of surface contamination?
Smears
What are the Hazard Posting Limits for Contact Gamma and Contact Beta at radioactive work areas?
≥ 2.5 mrem/h and ≥ 100 mrem/h
What are the characteristics of Hot Particles in the context of contamination control?
High radioactivity and difficult to detect
Study Notes
Contamination Control Area (CCA)
- The purpose of a CCA is to prevent the spread of radioactive contamination and to protect personnel and the environment.
Surface Contamination Monitoring
- Handheld instruments, such as Geiger-Müller counters and scintillation counters, are preferred for monitoring large areas for surface contamination.
Types of Surface Contamination
- Fixed surface contamination is firmly bonded to the surface and cannot be easily transferred, whereas loose surface contamination can be easily transferred to people or surfaces.
Access Control in CCA
- Access is controlled in a CCA through the use of procedures, signage, and personnel training to ensure that only authorized personnel enter the area.
Alpha and Beta Contamination Discrimination
- Instruments that can discriminate between Alpha and Beta contamination include alpha-beta discriminators and spectroscopic instruments.
Hazard Posting Limits
- The Hazard Posting Limit for Loose Surface Contamination at Bruce Power and OPG is 1.5 Bq/cm².
- The Hazard Posting Limits for Contact Gamma and Contact Beta at radioactive work areas are 2.5 mR/h and 1.5 Bq/cm², respectively.
Radioactive Work Area (RWA)
- The main purpose of a RWA is to provide a controlled area for handling radioactive materials and to prevent the spread of radioactive contamination.
Indirect Survey of Surface Contamination
- The technique used for indirect survey of surface contamination is smearing, which involves wiping surfaces with a detector to detect contamination.
Hot Particles
- Hot particles, in the context of contamination control, are small, highly radioactive particles that can be transferred to people or surfaces, and are typically characterized by high activity, small size, and low density.
Test your knowledge of surface contamination, factors affecting exposures to external hazards, CCA/CCCA requirements, contamination survey techniques, and hot particles characteristics in Module 3 of RADS 1021 Contamination Control with Melissa Hollandy.
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