Radon and its Significance in Radiation Exposure
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Questions and Answers

Which type of radiation is typically emitted by cosmic radiation?

  • Beta radiation
  • X-ray radiation
  • Alpha radiation
  • Gamma radiation (correct)
  • What is the largest source of human-made radiation exposure?

  • Tobacco
  • Radioactive Fallout
  • Medical X-rays (correct)
  • Smoke detectors
  • What is background radiation according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)?

  • Radiation from cosmic sources
  • Radiation present in the natural environment (correct)
  • Radiation from tobacco
  • Radiation from radioactive waste
  • Which type of radiation has the highest penetrating power?

    <p>Gamma radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the sources of natural radiation exposure mentioned in the text?

    <p>238U and 232Th</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human-made source contributes significantly to radiation exposure according to the text?

    <p>Medical X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of animals accumulating radionuclides?

    <p>Ingesting plants containing radioactive material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radionuclide concentrates in bone?

    <p>$^{90}Sr$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is polonium-210 deposited in the body when tobacco smoke is inhaled?

    <p>Liver, kidney, spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of lead-210 in tobacco smoke?

    <p>Atmospheric deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity results in over 90% of the total population exposure to man-made ionising radiation?

    <p>Diagnostic radiology (X-rays)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of the uncontrolled radioactive break-up of plutonium and uranium?

    <p>Accumulation of radionuclides in animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is the largest contributor to background radiation dose?

    <p>Radon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the annual dose from radon in the UK approximately?

    <p>~ 1.3 mSv</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does radon gas enter buildings according to the text?

    <p>Through cracks in the floor and walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does restricted ventilation increase radon concentrations within a building?

    <p>Radon is heavier than air and sinks into cellars or basements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from cosmic and terrestrial sources, what other radioactive isotopes do all people have within their bodies?

    <p>Potassium-40 (40K), carbon-14 (14C), lead-210 (210Pb)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can foods gain radioactivity according to the text?

    <p>Roots of plants take in radionuclides from the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the harmful effects of radiation?

    <p>Time of exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of radiation exposure, why is irradiation of pregnant patients strictly controlled?

    <p>To reduce chances of birth defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are individual exposures in certain treatments sometimes many thousands of times larger than those in diagnostic radiography?

    <p>To deliver a higher dose for therapeutic purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is NOT considered one of the most important organs affected by radiation exposure?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors influence the harmful effects of radiation on an exposed person?

    <p>Age, gender, and underlying health condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary origin of cosmic rays?

    <p>The sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do cosmic ray particles interact to produce showers of lower energy particles?

    <p>Upper atmosphere of the earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radioactive gas comes from the decay of natural uranium and thorium in rocks, soils, and building materials?

    <p>Radon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are low levels of uranium and thorium found in nature?

    <p>Soil, water, and vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do people living in granite areas or on mineralized sands receive more terrestrial radiation?

    <p>Due to higher concentrations of uranium and thorium in the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isotopes are major concerns for terrestrial radiation?

    <p>Uranium and decay products like thorium, radium, and radon</p> Signup and view all the answers

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