Radon and its Significance in Radiation Exposure

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Questions and Answers

Which type of radiation is typically emitted by cosmic radiation?

  • Beta radiation
  • X-ray radiation
  • Alpha radiation
  • Gamma radiation (correct)

What is the largest source of human-made radiation exposure?

  • Tobacco
  • Radioactive Fallout
  • Medical X-rays (correct)
  • Smoke detectors

What is background radiation according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)?

  • Radiation from cosmic sources
  • Radiation present in the natural environment (correct)
  • Radiation from tobacco
  • Radiation from radioactive waste

Which type of radiation has the highest penetrating power?

<p>Gamma radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the sources of natural radiation exposure mentioned in the text?

<p>238U and 232Th (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which human-made source contributes significantly to radiation exposure according to the text?

<p>Medical X-rays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of animals accumulating radionuclides?

<p>Ingesting plants containing radioactive material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which radionuclide concentrates in bone?

<p>$^{90}Sr$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is polonium-210 deposited in the body when tobacco smoke is inhaled?

<p>Liver, kidney, spleen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of lead-210 in tobacco smoke?

<p>Atmospheric deposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity results in over 90% of the total population exposure to man-made ionising radiation?

<p>Diagnostic radiology (X-rays) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of the uncontrolled radioactive break-up of plutonium and uranium?

<p>Accumulation of radionuclides in animals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is the largest contributor to background radiation dose?

<p>Radon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the annual dose from radon in the UK approximately?

<p>~ 1.3 mSv (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does radon gas enter buildings according to the text?

<p>Through cracks in the floor and walls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does restricted ventilation increase radon concentrations within a building?

<p>Radon is heavier than air and sinks into cellars or basements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apart from cosmic and terrestrial sources, what other radioactive isotopes do all people have within their bodies?

<p>Potassium-40 (40K), carbon-14 (14C), lead-210 (210Pb) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can foods gain radioactivity according to the text?

<p>Roots of plants take in radionuclides from the soil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the harmful effects of radiation?

<p>Time of exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of radiation exposure, why is irradiation of pregnant patients strictly controlled?

<p>To reduce chances of birth defects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are individual exposures in certain treatments sometimes many thousands of times larger than those in diagnostic radiography?

<p>To deliver a higher dose for therapeutic purposes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is NOT considered one of the most important organs affected by radiation exposure?

<p>Lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence the harmful effects of radiation on an exposed person?

<p>Age, gender, and underlying health condition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary origin of cosmic rays?

<p>The sun (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do cosmic ray particles interact to produce showers of lower energy particles?

<p>Upper atmosphere of the earth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which radioactive gas comes from the decay of natural uranium and thorium in rocks, soils, and building materials?

<p>Radon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are low levels of uranium and thorium found in nature?

<p>Soil, water, and vegetation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do people living in granite areas or on mineralized sands receive more terrestrial radiation?

<p>Due to higher concentrations of uranium and thorium in the soil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which isotopes are major concerns for terrestrial radiation?

<p>Uranium and decay products like thorium, radium, and radon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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