Nuclear Radiation Safety and Impact Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of background radiation found in the air?

  • Medical applications
  • Cosmic rays
  • Radon gas (correct)
  • Nuclear weapon tests

Which of the following best describes why radon gas is considered a health hazard?

  • It emits beta particles
  • It is a highly reactive gas
  • It emits alpha particles (correct)
  • It emits gamma rays

According to the provided background radiation information, which source contributes the least radiation dose to the total?

  • Medical applications
  • Ground & buildings
  • Food & drink
  • Air travel (correct)

What is the purpose of storing used fuel rods from nuclear reactors in large water tanks?

<p>To cool down the fuel rods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is taken to obtain reusable materials from spent nuclear fuel?

<p>Remote controlled machines extract unused uranium and plutonium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason why nuclear waste needs to be stored securely?

<p>To prevent contamination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor that contributed to the Chernobyl nuclear disaster?

<p>The lack of a high-speed shutdown system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the evacuation of the population within a 20 km radius around Fukushima?

<p>The levels of radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the correct relationship between sieverts (Sv) and microsieverts (µSv)?

<p>1 Sv is equal to 1,000,000 µSv (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Geiger counters detect background radiation even when a specific radioactive source is not nearby, what is the primary explanation for this?

<p>Radioactive substances are naturally present in the environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant risk associated with the release of radon gas into homes and buildings?

<p>It emits alpha particles, which can be harmful. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary long-term concern associated with the remaining material from used nuclear fuel after the reuse of uranium and plutonium?

<p>It contains radioactive isotopes with long half-lives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the options is a primary reason why used nuclear fuel rods are initially stored in large water tanks?

<p>To allow time for the rods to cool down. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major contributing factor that led to the disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan?

<p>A combination of an earthquake and a tsunami. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main cause of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster?

<p>A lack of a high-speed shutdown system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The table lists radiation doses in µSv. Which option correctly lists the sources in order of increasing dosage?

<p>Nuclear weapons tests, air travel, nuclear power, medical applications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Radon Gas

A colorless, odorless radioactive gas that poses health risks.

Background Radiation

Natural radiation present in our environment from various sources.

Nuclear Waste

Radioactive material left over after nuclear power generation.

Chernobyl Disaster

A nuclear reactor explosion in 1986 releasing radiation over Europe.

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Fukushima Disaster

Nuclear disaster in 2011 caused by an earthquake and tsunami in Japan.

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Half-life

The time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay.

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Medical Applications of Radiation

Use of radiation, like X-rays, for diagnostic and treatment purposes.

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Safe Nuclear Reactors

Designs that prioritize safety measures to prevent accidents.

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Radon Gas Dangers

Radon gas emits alpha particles and is a health hazard indoors.

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Sources of Background Radiation

Various natural and artificial sources contribute to background radiation.

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Cooling Nuclear Waste

Used fuel rods are stored in water tanks to cool for up to a year.

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Remote-Controlled Extraction

Machines extract unused uranium and plutonium from spent fuel.

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Long Half-lives

Radioactive isotopes in nuclear waste have long half-lives requiring secure storage.

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Evacuations from Chernobyl

Over 100,000 people evacuated after the Chernobyl explosion due to radiation exposure.

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Fukushima Safety Measures

Lessons from Chernobyl were not fully applied at Fukushima, leading to disaster.

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Health Effects of Background Radiation

Background radiation has measurable effects on human health.

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