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Questions and Answers
What is the patient position for a PA projection of the hand?
What is the patient position for a PA projection of the hand?
Palmar surface down; spread fingers slightly.
Where is the radiographic point (RP) located for the PA projection of the hand?
Where is the radiographic point (RP) located for the PA projection of the hand?
3rd MCP joint
The AP projection is used only in cases where the hand can be extended.
The AP projection is used only in cases where the hand can be extended.
False
In PA oblique projection, what is the rotation angle of the MCP joints to the IR?
In PA oblique projection, what is the rotation angle of the MCP joints to the IR?
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What is the clinical indication for using the reverse PA oblique projection?
What is the clinical indication for using the reverse PA oblique projection?
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In the lateral projection of the hand, what is the orientation of the thumb?
In the lateral projection of the hand, what is the orientation of the thumb?
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What is the purpose of the Fan Lateral Position in radiography?
What is the purpose of the Fan Lateral Position in radiography?
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What projection is used to diagnose Rheumatoid Arthritis?
What projection is used to diagnose Rheumatoid Arthritis?
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In a lateral projection of the wrist, how should the elbow be positioned?
In a lateral projection of the wrist, how should the elbow be positioned?
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What is the recommended patient position for the PA projection of the wrist?
What is the recommended patient position for the PA projection of the wrist?
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What projection should be taken if the ulna is under examination?
What projection should be taken if the ulna is under examination?
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Which of the following projections is used to demonstrate anterior or posterior displacement in fractures of metacarpals?
Which of the following projections is used to demonstrate anterior or posterior displacement in fractures of metacarpals?
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What is the CR (central ray) orientation for PA projections?
What is the CR (central ray) orientation for PA projections?
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Study Notes
Hand Projections
-
PA Projection (Palmar Surface Down):
- Position: Hand flat with fingers slightly spread.
- Reference Point (RP): 3rd MCP joint.
- Central Ray (CR): Perpendicular (┴).
- Special Study (SS): PA oblique projection of the thumb.
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AP Projection:
- Used when hand cannot be fully extended due to injury or pathology.
- Useful for examining metacarpal bones and MCP joints.
-
PA Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation):
- Position: Hand pronated and rotated laterally, MCP joints at 45 degrees to the image receptor (IR) using a 45-degree foam wedge.
- RP: 3rd MCP joint.
- CR: Perpendicular (┴).
- SS: PA oblique projection of the hand.
- Essential for investigating fractures and pathologic conditions.
-
Reverse PA Oblique Projection:
- Utilized for severe metacarpal deformities.
- Foam wedge can open interphalangeal joint spaces and reduce foreshortening of phalanges.
-
Lateral Projection (Lateromedial In Extension):
- Position: Hand in lateral position with digits extended, thumb at 90 degrees to the palm.
- RP: 2nd MCP joint.
- CR: Perpendicular (┴).
- SS: Lateral projection of the hand in extension.
- Requisite for localizing foreign bodies and metacarpal fracture displacement.
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Fan Lateral Position:
- Eliminates superimposition of all phalanges except proximal phalanges.
-
Lateral Projection (Lateromedial In Flexion):
- Position: Hand in natural arch, digits relaxed.
- RP: 2nd MCP joint.
- CR: Perpendicular (┴).
- SS: Lateral projection of the hand in flexion.
- Demonstrates anterior or posterior displacement in metacarpal fractures.
-
Norgaard Method (AP Oblique Projection):
- Position: Hands supinated and rotated medially, medial aspect against IR, supported by 45-degree sponge.
- RP: Between level of the 5th MCP joints of both hands.
- CR: Perpendicular (┴).
- SS: AP oblique projection of both hands.
- Helps diagnose rheumatoid arthritis.
Wrist Projections
-
PA Projection:
- Position: Hand slightly arched to ensure wrist contact with IR.
- RP: Midcarpal area.
- CR: Perpendicular (┴).
- Note: For swollen wrists, ask for slight flexion; compare affected wrist with the opposite side.
-
AP Projection:
- Position: Hand supinated, digits elevated for optimal wrist contact.
- RP: Midcarpal area.
- CR: Perpendicular (┴).
- SS: Better demonstration of carpal interspaces than PA projection.
-
Lateral Projection (Lateromedial Projection):
- Position: Elbow flexed at 90 degrees, hand and forearm lateral.
- RP: Midcarpal area.
- CR: Perpendicular (┴).
- SS: Displays proximal metacarpals, distal radius, and ulna, with specific notice to the trapezium and scaphoid.
-
Lateral Position in Palmar Flexion:
- Described by Burman et al. for analysis of the scaphoid.
-
PA Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation):
- Position: Palmar surface against IR, hand pronated and rotated 45 degrees laterally with ulnar deviation for scaphoid examination.
- RP: Midcarpal area.
- CR: Perpendicular (┴).
- SS: Highlights lateral side carpals including scaphoid and trapezium.
-
AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation):
- Position: Dorsal surface against IR, hand supinated.
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Description
Test your knowledge in Radiologic Technology with the RT 112 quiz, focusing on positioning and radiologic procedures. This quiz is essential for students aiming to excel in their studies in the field of radiologic technology. Prepare and assess your understanding of key concepts and techniques.
