Radiography: Projection Terminology
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the side of a body part closest to the midline?

  • Posterior aspect
  • Medial aspect (correct)
  • Lateral aspect
  • Anterior aspect
  • In which position is the patient lying down?

  • Supine
  • Erect
  • Semi-recumbent
  • Decubitus (correct)
  • What is the term for the view of the patient from the front?

  • Anterior aspect (correct)
  • Dorsal aspect
  • Posterior aspect
  • Lateral aspect
  • In which position is the patient sitting or standing?

    <p>Erect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for lying face-down?

    <p>Prone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for lying on the side?

    <p>Lateral decubitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between radiographic image formation and image formation in the eye or camera?

    <p>The projection of the object versus a view of the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the density of a radiographic image?

    <p>The amount of radiation incident upon the image detector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the central ray in lateral oblique projections?

    <p>At an angle to the coronal plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to X-rays as they pass through the body?

    <p>Some are absorbed and others pass through to the image detector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of angling the central ray in oblique projections?

    <p>To obtain a specific view of the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between right and left anterior or posterior oblique projections?

    <p>The direction of the central ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the posterior aspect of the trunk in a semi-recumbent position?

    <p>Against the cassette</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the central ray in an antero-posterior (AP) projection?

    <p>From anterior to posterior aspect of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the designation of a lateral projection as right or left?

    <p>The side of the body where the central ray enters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the central ray in an anterior oblique projection?

    <p>From posterior to anterior aspect of the body at an angle to the median sagittal plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described by the side of the torso closest to the cassette in an anterior oblique projection?

    <p>The designation of the projection as right or left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the central ray in a posterior oblique projection?

    <p>From anterior to posterior aspect of the body at an angle to the median sagittal plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an imaging system in detecting pathology?

    <p>To detect the differences in density between the pathology and surrounding tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contrast in the context of imaging?

    <p>The difference in density between structures of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a high-contrast image?

    <p>A larger difference in density between structures of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a radiograph of the torso be hung?

    <p>As if the patient is standing in an upright position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a radiograph of the elbow be hung?

    <p>As if the patient is hanging from the shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to hang a radiograph correctly?

    <p>To facilitate proper evaluation of the radiograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When hanging a decubitus radiograph, which side of the patient should be facing upwards?

    <p>The side that was positioned upwards when the radiograph was taken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should radiographs taken in AP or PA positions be placed on the view box?

    <p>As if the viewer and the patient are facing each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When hanging a lateral radiograph of the torso, which side of the patient should be placed against the view box?

    <p>The side that was in contact with the film when the radiograph was taken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should extremity radiographs be hung?

    <p>As if the viewer's eyes are the x-ray beam going through the radiographic image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to hang radiographs correctly?

    <p>To ensure the radiograph is viewed with the correct orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines which side of the radiograph is placed against the view box?

    <p>The position of the patient when the radiograph was taken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Projection Terminology

    • The human body is a complicated structure, and errors in radiographic positioning or diagnosis can easily occur unless practitioners have a common set of rules that are used to describe the body and its movements.
    • Patient aspect terminology:
      • Anterior aspect: the front of the patient
      • Posterior (dorsal) aspect: the back of the patient
      • Lateral aspect: the side of the patient
      • Medial aspect: the side of a body part closest to the midline

    Positioning Terminology

    • Erect: the patient is sitting or standing, with the posterior aspect against the cassette, or the anterior aspect against the cassette, or the right or left side against the cassette.
    • Decubitus: the patient is lying down, with the possibility of lying in supine, prone, or lateral decubitus positions.
    • Semi-recumbent: the patient is reclining, part way between supine and sitting erect, with the posterior aspect of the trunk against the cassette.

    Projection Types

    • Antero-posterior (AP): the central ray is incident on the anterior aspect, passes along or parallel to the median sagittal plane, and emerges from the posterior aspect of the body.
    • Postero-anterior (PA): the central ray is incident on the posterior aspect, passes along or parallel to the median sagittal plane, and emerges from the anterior aspect of the body.
    • Lateral projection: the central ray passes from one side of the body to the other along a coronal and transverse plane.
    • Anterior oblique: the central ray enters the posterior aspect, passes along a transverse plane at some angle to the median sagittal plane, and emerges from the anterior aspect.
    • Posterior oblique: the central ray enters the anterior aspect, passes along a transverse plane at some angle to the median sagittal plane, and emerges from the posterior aspect.
    • Lateral oblique: the central ray enters one lateral aspect, passes along a transverse plane at an angle to the coronal plane, and emerges from the opposite lateral aspect.

    Image Formation

    • X-rays are produced from a small area within the X-ray tube and diverge outwards from this area.
    • As X-rays pass through the body, some are absorbed by organs and structures, while others pass through to the image-forming equipment.
    • Image formation is a projection of the object, differing from the way images are formed on the retina or photographic film.

    Density and Contrast

    • Density refers to the degree of 'blackening' within the image, with greater radiation incident upon the image detector resulting in greater density.
    • Contrast is the difference in density between structures of interest within the image, with low-contrast images showing little difference and high-contrast images showing a larger difference.

    Hanging Radiographs

    • Radiographs should be correctly hung on a view box prior to evaluation, with different procedures for different body parts and projections.
    • Torso, vertebral, cranial, and hip radiographs should be hung as if the patient is standing in an upright position.
    • Radiographs of other body parts, such as fingers, wrist, and forearm, should be hung accordingly, with the patient's position during the radiograph taken into account.

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    Projection Terminology PDF

    Description

    Learn about radiographic positioning, terminology, and patient aspects in radiography. Understand the importance of standardization in radiographic diagnosis.

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