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Questions and Answers
What is the source-to-skin distance (SSD) in radiography?
What is the source-to-skin distance (SSD) in radiography?
- The distance between the patient's skin and the table on which they lie.
- The distance between the focal spot of the radiography tube and the skin of the patient. (correct)
- The distance covered by the radiographic image receptor.
- The distance from the x-ray tube to the image receptor.
Why is proper collimation important in radiography?
Why is proper collimation important in radiography?
- It ensures that a larger area is imaged for better diagnosis.
- It reduces the amount of radiation that reaches the patient. (correct)
- It allows the use of smaller image receptors without affecting the image quality.
- It enhances the brightness of the image receptor.
What does shuttering in digital radiography (DR) provide?
What does shuttering in digital radiography (DR) provide?
- A reduction in image size automatically.
- A black background around collimation edges. (correct)
- An automatic adjustment of radiation dose.
- Improved spatial resolution of the radiograph.
What is the minimum recommended source-to-skin distance (SSD) according to the NCRP?
What is the minimum recommended source-to-skin distance (SSD) according to the NCRP?
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What is a critical component that affects magnification in radiographs?
What is a critical component that affects magnification in radiographs?
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What are the two main groups of the 206 bones in the human body?
What are the two main groups of the 206 bones in the human body?
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Which movement is not associated with spheroidal (ball and socket) joints?
Which movement is not associated with spheroidal (ball and socket) joints?
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What is the primary characteristic of sellar (saddle) joints?
What is the primary characteristic of sellar (saddle) joints?
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Which joint type is primarily responsible for allowing flexion and extension?
Which joint type is primarily responsible for allowing flexion and extension?
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The axial skeleton consists of how many bones?
The axial skeleton consists of how many bones?
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Study Notes
Radiographic Techniques and Distances
- Source-to-Image Receptor Distance (SID) impacts magnification, spatial resolution, and patient dose.
- Recommended SID for certain projections is less than 40 inches.
- Properly sized Imaging Receptor (IR) should cover the examination area to facilitate collimation.
- Source-to-Skin Distance (SSD) is the distance from the x-ray tube focal spot to the patient's skin; it must be at least 12 inches (30 cm) per National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) guidelines.
- Shuttering software in Digital Radiography (DR) can mask unwanted image areas and enhance perceived collimation.
Anatomical Structures and Movements
- The human skeleton comprises 206 bones, split into the axial (80 bones) and appendicular skeleton.
- Axial skeleton protects the head and trunk, while appendicular skeleton enables limb movement.
- Synovial joints allow for a greater range of motion with movements such as flexion, extension, adduction, and circumduction.
- Notable joint types include:
- Sellar (saddle) joints exemplified by the first carpometacarpal joint (thumb).
- Spheroidal (ball and socket) joints include hip and shoulder joints.
Radiographic Positions and Projections
- Lordotic position requires the patient to lean backward, facilitating an AP axial projection important for visualizing pulmonary apices and clavicles.
- Use "projection" term when describing examinations; "position" refers to body placement.
- "View" describes the appearance of the body part as seen by the IR.
Oblique Radiographs
- Oblique projections are achieved by rotating the body, leading to non-frontal or non-lateral imaging.
- Projections can be defined by entrance and exit points of the central ray and its relationship to the body.
Projection Terminology
- True projections, like AP or PA, require precise anatomic position for accuracy.
- Complex projections involve angulated central rays entering or exiting lateral aspects of the body.
Specific Techniques and Methods
- Folio Method, or PA projection for skier's thumb, involves specific parameters for effective diagnosis.
- Kallen recommendation for tangential oblique projection assists in diagnosing ulnar collateral ligament ruptures.
Fundamental Radiographic Concepts
- Radiographic techniques should consider interaction between central ray and anatomy to enhance image quality.
- Adjustments, such as arm positioning or angulation of the central ray, minimize foreshortening and optimize clarity in joint imaging.
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