Questions and Answers
What is the definition of 'Finger'?
What is the definition of 'Thumb'?
What is the definition of 'Hand'?
What is the definition of 'Wrist'?
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What is the definition of 'Lateral hand'?
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What is the definition of 'AP elbow'?
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What is the definition of 'Shoulder'?
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What is the definition of 'Lateral knee'?
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What is the definition of 'Femur'?
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What is the definition of 'Pelvis'?
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What is the definition of 'Skull occipitofrontal'?
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What is the definition of 'Bladder'?
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What is the definition of 'L spine AP'?
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Study Notes
Centering Points for Radiography
- Finger: Center at the proximal interphalangeal joint for optimal imaging.
- Thumb: Center at the metacarpophalangeal joint for accurate positioning.
- Hand: Focus on the head of the third metacarpal for hand radiographs.
- Lateral Hand: Center at the head of the second metacarpal to capture needed details.
- Wrist: Midway between the styloid processes for a comprehensive wrist view.
- Lateral Wrist: Target the radial styloid process for lateral wrist radiography.
- Scaphoid: Position midway between the styloid processes for clear scaphoid imaging.
- Forearm: Locate the midpoint of the forearm for a balanced view.
- AP Elbow: Set 2.5 cm distal to the epicondyles for accurate anatomical representation.
- Lateral Elbow: Center at the lateral epicondyle to emphasize joint structure.
- Humerus: Focus in the middle of the humerus for complete imaging.
- Shoulder: Position 2.5 cm below the coracoid process for a well-defined shoulder view.
- Axial Shoulder: Center to the acromion process with a 10-degree angulation away from the body.
- AP Scapula: Center 8 cm below the midpoint of the clavicle for accurate scapular imaging.
- Lateral Scapula: Medial to the midpoint of the palpable scapula to provide a clear lateral view.
- Clavicle: Target the center of the clavicle for effective visual assessment.
- Upper Ribs: Focus on the mid-clavicular line on the side under examination for rib evaluation.
- Lower Ribs: Midway between the xiphisternum and lower costal margin, ensuring clear imaging.
- Sternum: Position 3 m below the sternal angle for proper sternum alignment.
- Chest: Center over the sixth thoracic vertebra for thorough chest capture.
- Lateral Chest: Mid axillary line at the sixth vertebra to maintain consistent imaging.
- Thoracic Trachea: Center to the sternal notch, emphasizing trachea visibility.
- Lateral Trachea: Position posterior to the sternal notch for lateral views.
- Abdominal Supine: Center midline at the iliac crests for abdominal imaging.
- Abdominal Erect: Midline at the lower costal margin for an upright view.
- Urinary Tract: Center midline at the iliac crests including the symphysis for urinary imaging.
- Bladder: Position 5 cm above the symphysis for clear bladder views.
- Pelvis: Midline location between the ASIS and superior border of the symphysis.
- Both Hips: Midline 2.5 cm superior to the symphysis for comprehensive hip evaluation.
- Frog View of Hips: Same centering as both hips for consistent imaging technique.
- Single Hip Lateral: Center at NOF level with the great trochanter for focused imaging.
- AP Hip: Position 2.5 cm distally between ASIS and the symphysis for accurate hip alignment.
- Toes AP: Center at the third metatarsophalangeal joint for toe assessments.
- Toes Oblique: Same centering at the third metatarsophalangeal joint for accurate imaging.
- Toes Lateral: Focus on the first metatarsophalangeal joint for better clarity.
- Foot: Center on the cuboid navicular region for effective foot imaging.
- Oblique Foot: Same centering at the cuboid navicular region.
- Lateral Foot: Position at the navicular-cuneiform joint for lateral foot views.
- AP Ankle: Center midway between the malleoli for a comprehensive ankle image.
- Lateral Ankle: Focus on the medial malleolus for lateral representation.
- Calcaneum Lateral: Center midway between the medial malleolus and heel's plantar aspect.
- Calcaneum Axial: Center 1 cm below the fifth metatarsal bone for heel imaging with a 40-degree angle.
- Tib and Fib AP: Center between ankle and knee joints for a complete view.
- Lateral Tib and Fib: Maintain positioning midway between ankle and knee joints.
- AP Knee: Focus 2.5 cm below the apex of the patella for effective knee imaging.
- Lateral Knee: Center over the superior border of the medial tibial condyle for better visualization.
- Skyline Knee: Position at the apex of the patella for specialized views.
- Femur: Center midway between hip and knee joints for comprehensive femoral imaging.
- Lateral Femur: Similar centering between hip and knee to ensure visibility.
- C1 to C3 Spine: Center to the lower border of incisors into the open mouth for cervical imaging.
- C3 to C7 Spine: Position to the sternal notch with 15 degrees cranial angulation for clarity.
- Lateral C Spine: Set 2.5 cm behind and 5 cm below the mandible's angle for detailed imaging.
- T Spine AP: Center 5 cm below the suprasternal notch for accurate thoracic views.
- T Spine Lateral: Position 5 cm anterior to the palpable sixth spinous process for lateral representation.
- L Spine AP: Center midline at the lower costal margin for effective lumbar imaging.
- L Spine Lateral: Locate 8 cm anterior to the third lumbar spinous process at the lower costal margin.
- Sacrum AP: Position midline 5 cm above the superior border of the symphysis for sacral views.
- Lateral Sacrum: Center between PSIS and palpable coccyx for complete imaging.
- Skull Occipitofrontal: Angled 10 degrees caudal between the parietal bones for skull imaging.
- Lateral Skull: Position 4 cm above the baseline in the auricular plane for lateral views.
- Facial Bones Occipitomental: 15/30 degrees caudal at the occipital bone to highlight facial structures.
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Test your knowledge on centering points used in radiography with these flashcards. Each card covers key terms and their definitions related to hand and wrist radiography. Perfect for radiology students and professionals looking to enhance their understanding of anatomy and positioning.
