Radiography Body Habitus and Contrast Measurements

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Questions and Answers

What is the barium transit time to the stomach?

  • 1st part of barium reaches ileocecal valve in 2-3 hours
  • 3/4 waves per minute, 2-3 hours to empty (correct)
  • Reaches rectum in 24 hours
  • Acts within 1 minute, lasts 15-20 minutes

What is the purpose of glucagon in GI studies?

  • Relieves allergic reactions
  • Relaxes smooth muscles of the GI tract (correct)
  • Aids in passage of contrast material
  • Enhances gastric peristalsis

What body habitus describes individuals with thicker body parts?

  • Sthenic body habitus
  • Asthenic body habitus
  • Hypersthenic body habitus (correct)
  • Hyposthenic body habitus

In which position should a patient be placed if varices are suspected?

<p>Recumbent (prone obl) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax?

<p>Achalasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of esophagitis?

<p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best method to diagnose esophageal cancer?

<p>Endoscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment method involves laser-activated chemicals to destroy esophageal tumors?

<p>Photodynamic therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a large out pouching of the esophagus just above the upper esophageal sphincter called?

<p>Zenker's diverticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus?

<p>Esophageal varices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves using sodium carbonate or sodium citrate to ensure stable and uniform suspension in examining the small intestine?

<p>Enteroclysis (double contrast small bowel study) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication is used to relax smooth muscles of the GI tract and has side effects including blurred vision and dry mouth?

<p>Buscopan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population has a hyposthenic body habitus?

<p>35% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which position should a patient be placed if varices are suspected?

<p>RAO recumbent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does glucagon do in GI studies?

<p>Relaxes smooth muscles of the GI tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the barium transit time to the stomach?

<p>$2-3$ hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population has an asthenic body habitus?

<p>10% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication enhances gastric peristalsis to aid in the passage of contrast material during GI studies?

<p>$\text{Maxolon}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight measure for barium in 100 grams of suspension?

<p>W/W concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight measure for barium in 100 ml of suspension?

<p>W/V suspension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage range is used for UGI Single contrast?

<p>50-60% W/V (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage range is used for UGI Double contrast?

<p>80-83% W/W (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does maxolon do if varices are suspected?

<p>Enhances gastric peristalsis to aid in the passage of contrast material during GI studies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by irritation/inflammation of the esophagus?

<p>Esophagitis/GERD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best method to diagnose Esophageal Cancer?

<p>Endoscopy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Buscopan in GI studies?

<p>To relax smooth muscles of the GI tract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Zenker's Diverticulum?

<p>Large out pouching of the esophagus just above U.E.S. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax?

<p>Achalasia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication has side effects including blurred vision and dry mouth?

<p>Buscopan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Barium Transit Time to Stomach

The time it takes barium to reach the stomach during a barium swallow study.

Glucagon

A medication used in GI studies to relax the smooth muscles of the digestive tract.

Hypersthenic Body Habitus

A body type characterized by a stocky build with thicker body parts.

Recumbent Position (Prone Oblique)

A position that helps visualize esophageal varices by reducing pressure on the veins.

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Achalasia

A condition where the lower esophageal sphincter muscle fails to relax, making it difficult for food to pass into the stomach.

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Esophagitis

Inflammation of the esophagus, commonly caused by GERD.

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Endoscopy

The gold standard diagnostic method for esophageal cancer.

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Photodynamic Therapy

A minimally invasive treatment using laser-activated chemicals to destroy esophageal tumors.

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Zenker's Diverticulum

A large pouch-like protrusion in the esophagus, just above the upper esophageal sphincter.

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Esophageal Varices

Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus, often a complication of liver disease.

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Enteroclysis

A double contrast study of the small intestine using sodium carbonate or sodium citrate to achieve a consistent barium suspension.

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Buscopan

A medication used to relax smooth muscles in the GI tract, known to cause side effects such as blurred vision and dry mouth.

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Hyposthenic Body Habitus

A body type characterized by a slender build with thin body parts.

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RAO Recumbent

A position that helps visualize esophageal varices by reducing pressure on the veins.

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Glucagon

A medication used to relax the smooth muscles of the digestive tract, commonly used in GI studies.

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Barium Transit Time to Stomach 2-3 Hours

The time it takes barium to reach the stomach during a barium swallow study.

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Asthenic Body Habitus

A body type characterized by a very slim build with very thin body parts.

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Maxolon

A medication that speeds up the movement of food through the digestive tract, often used to enhance contrast passage during GI studies.

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W/W Concentration

The measurement of barium weight per 100 grams of suspension.

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W/V Suspension

The measurement of barium weight per 100 ml of suspension.

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UGI Single Contrast Percentage

The percentage of barium used in single contrast UGI studies, typically ranging from 50-60% W/V.

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UGI Double Contrast Percentage

The percentage of barium used in double contrast UGI studies, typically ranging from 80-83% W/W.

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Maxolon's function

A medication that speeds up the movement of food through the digestive tract, often used to enhance contrast passage during GI studies.

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Esophagitis / GERD

Inflammation of the esophagus, commonly caused by GERD.

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Endoscopy (Esophageal Diagnosis)

The gold standard diagnostic method for esophageal cancer.

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Buscopan's Purpose

A medication used to relax smooth muscles in the GI tract, known to cause side effects such as blurred vision and dry mouth.

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Zenker's Diverticulum

A large pouch-like protrusion in the esophagus, just above the upper esophageal sphincter.

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Achalasia (Esophageal Sphincter)

A condition where the lower esophageal sphincter muscle fails to relax, making it difficult for food to pass into the stomach.

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Buscopan (Side Effects)

A medication used to relax smooth muscles in the GI tract, known to cause side effects such as blurred vision and dry mouth.

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Study Notes

GI Studies

  • The barium transit time to the stomach is 5-10 minutes.
  • Glucagon is used to relax smooth muscles of the GI tract in GI studies.

Body Habitus

  • Individuals with thicker body parts are described as endomorphic.
  • Asthenic body habitus is characterized by a slender build and is found in 10% of the population.
  • Hyposthenic body habitus is characterized by a thin, delicate build and is found in 5% of the population.

Esophageal Conditions

  • Achalasia is characterized by a failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax.
  • The most common cause of esophagitis is reflux esophagitis.
  • Esophageal cancer is best diagnosed using endoscopy and biopsy.
  • Photodynamic therapy involves laser-activated chemicals to destroy esophageal tumors.
  • Zenker's Diverticulum is a large outpouching of the esophagus just above the upper esophageal sphincter.

Varices and Positioning

  • If varices are suspected, the patient should be placed in the Trendelenburg position (head down).

Medications

  • Metoclopramide (Maxolon) enhances gastric peristalsis to aid in the passage of contrast material during GI studies.
  • Buscopan is used to relax smooth muscles of the GI tract in GI studies.
  • Medications like atropine and anticholinergics have side effects including blurred vision and dry mouth.

Barium Suspension

  • The weight measure for barium in 100 grams of suspension is 30-40%.
  • The weight measure for barium in 100 ml of suspension is 30-40%.
  • UGI Single contrast typically uses a 50-70% barium suspension.
  • UGI Double contrast typically uses a 100-150% barium suspension.

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