Radiographs and X-Rays Flashcards

Study Notes

X-Rays and Radiographs

X-rays are a type of radiation; radiographs are the images produced by X-rays passing through objects.
X-rays have short wavelengths and high frequencies, enhancing their ability to penetrate objects.

Discovery and Generation of X-Rays

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen is credited with the discovery of X-rays.
X-rays are generated when electrons produced by the cathode accelerate towards the tungsten target at the anode, resulting in the emission of X-rays and heat.

Anode Heel Effect

To utilize the anode heel effect, position the thickest part of the subject towards the cathode side of the tube to achieve even film density.
For thoracic radiographs, place the animal so that its head is closer to the anode and the thickest part of its chest is nearest to the cathode.

Sensitivity to Ionizing Radiation

Organ systems most sensitive to ionizing radiation include reproductive systems, fetuses, immature blood cells, bone marrow, lenses of the eye, thyroid, and skin.

Occupational Radiation Exposure Limits

Maximum permissible dose (MPD) for occupationally exposed individuals is 5 REM/year.

Sources of X-Ray Exposure

Major sources of exposure include the primary X-ray beam, scatter radiation, the X-ray tube head, and fluoroscopy.

Radiation Monitoring Devices

Four types of monitoring devices for radiation exposure include:
- Film badges
- Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD)
- Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) badges
- Ion chambers

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Essential PPE for individuals taking radiographs includes:
- Dosimeter badge
- Lead apron
- Gloves
- Thyroid shield
- Optional protective eyewear

General Radiation Safety Guidelines

Follow safety practices such as wearing appropriate PPE and dosimeter badges.
Avoid exposing body parts to the primary beam and never look directly at it.
Maintain distance from the patient during radiography and use alternative restraint methods when possible.
Individuals under 18 or pregnant should avoid radiography tasks.
Minimize the number of staff present during the procedure and never hold the X-ray tube or cassette while taking radiographs.

Description

Test your knowledge on radiographs and X-rays with these flashcards. Learn the key differences, properties, and historical context of X-rays through interactive questions and definitions. Perfect for students in medical fields or those interested in radiology.