Radiographic Techniques - Lumbar Vertebrae

<p>Patient was rolled too far forward or backward (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seated on a stool against the vertical Bucky (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To demonstrate mobility and stability of the lumbar vertebrae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Level of the lower costal margin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor visibility of anatomical structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supine with hips and knees flexed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the level of the lower costal margin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent diaphragm movement and maintain image contrast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T12 down and sacro-iliac joints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Check that the sacro-iliac joints are equidistant from the spine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Missing some or all of the sacroiliac joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erect with the patient standing or sitting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flexing the knees and hips (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The X-ray beam should be vertical and centered anterior to the 3rd lumbar spinous process at the level of the lower costal margin.

The X-ray should include T12 downwards to the lumbar sacral junction.

The anterior and posterior margins of the vertebral bodies should be superimposed on the image.

The X-ray factors should ensure sufficient image density for diagnosis from T12 to L5/S1, including spinous processes.

For flexion, the patient leans forward; for extension, the patient leans backward. Both positions are held while the x-ray is taken.

The horizontal X-ray beam should be perpendicular to the image receptor and centered to the 3rd lumbar spinous process at the level of the lower costal margin

High contrast leads to insufficient image density. Poor superimposition indicates patient rolling during positioning. Lack of clear disc space suggests imperfect spine alignment or pathology.

The patient should be seated or upright during X-ray imaging, with one side positioned against the vertical Bucky.

Patient supine, median sagittal plane aligned with table midline, anterior superior iliac spines equidistant from table, hips and knees flexed, feet on table, and CR cassette centered at lower costal margin, including T12 and sacro-iliac joints.

Arrested expiration is crucial to avoid diaphragm movement and maintain consistent vertebral column density.

Should include T12 down to sacro-iliac joints, with equal distance from spine for rotation assessment. Density allows for clear bony detail.

Missing or incomplete visualization of the sacroiliac joints necessitates additional projections.

Patient lies on their side with arms raised, knees and hips flexed. Coronal plane aligned with table, and the vertebral column needs to be parallel with the image receptor. Image receptor is centered at lower costal margin.

Arrested expiration is used in both anterior and posterior positions.

Patient positioning on their side with the spine perpendicular to the image receptor.

Use of non-opaque pads under the patient's waist and knees is optional to align the vertebral column with the image receptor.