Radioactivity and Half-Life Calculations
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Questions and Answers

How much cesium-137 would be remaining after 90 years if 1.0 g initially disintegrates over that period?

  • 0.25 g
  • 0.125 g (correct)
  • 0.5 g
  • 0.75 g
  • What is the final amount of actinium-226 remaining after 58 hours if starting with 100 mg?

  • 50 mg
  • 70 mg
  • 25 mg (correct)
  • 10 mg
  • Which element is produced during the beta decay of 234Pa?

  • Plutonium-238
  • Uranium-234 (correct)
  • Radium-226
  • Cobalt-60
  • What is the total change in enthalpy (ΔH) during the dissolution of CaCl2(s)?

    <p>-795.8 kJ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much heat is released when 3.40 mol of Fe2O3 reacts with CO?

    <p>89.42 kJ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reaction 2Na2SO3 + O2 → 2Na2SO4, which element is oxidized?

    <p>O<sub>2</sub></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species acts as the reducing agent in the reaction 2FeCl3 + H2S → 3FeCl2 + 2HCl + S?

    <p>H<sub>2</sub>S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the balanced equation 2MnO4- + 16H+ + 10I- → 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5I2, what is the oxidation state of manganese in MnO4-?

    <p>+7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reactions shows alpha decay?

    <p><sup>230</sup><sub>90</sub>Th → <sup>226</sup><sub>88</sub>Ra + <sup>4</sup><sub>2</sub>He</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When balancing the half-reaction for the reduction of Cu2+ to Cu, how many electrons are needed?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of redox reactions, what is the function of an oxidizing agent?

    <p>To gain electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reaction 3Mg + N2 → Mg3N2, which element is reduced?

    <p>N<sub>2</sub></p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many water molecules are produced in the balanced equation for the reaction of Cu2+ with SO32-?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Radioactivity and Half-Life Calculations

    • Half-life of Isotope X: 2.0 years
      • 4.0 mg sample decays to 0.50 mg in 6 years
    • Half-life of Selenium-93: 25.0 minutes
      • 10.0 mg decays to 0.50 mg in 108 minutes

    Plutonium-238 Decay

    • Half-life: 87.74 years
      • Sample is 438.7 years old if only 3.125% remains radioactive

    Plutonium-239 Decay

    • Half-life: 24,000 years.
      • It takes 79,729 years for a sample of Pu to decay to 10% of its original mass.

    Nuclear Reactions (Completing Equations)

    • Alpha decay of U: U → Th + He
    • Alpha decay of 230Th: 230Th → 226Ra + He
    • Beta decay of Th: 234Th → 234Pa + e⁻
    • Beta decay of Pa: 234Pa → 234U + e⁻
    • Np-237 alpha decay: 237Np → 233Pa + He

    Half-life of Cesium-137

    • Half-life: 30 years
      • 1.0 g of cesium-137 decays over 90 years, remaining 0.125 g.

    Half-life of Actinium-226

    • Half-life: 29 hours
      • 100 mg of actinium-226 decays in 58 hours, remaining 25 mg

    Balancing Redox Reactions (Acidic, Basic Conditions)

    • Identifying oxidizing and reducing agents: In redox reactions, identify the element reduced and the element oxidized. Oxidizing agents cause oxidation, while reducing agents cause reduction. Acidic or basic conditions influence these reactions, so make appropriate adjustments.

    Enthalpy, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy Calculation

    • Calculating temperature for a reaction using the formula ΔG = ΔH - TΔS (Gibbs Free Energy)
      • Calculations are given by the provided examples.

    Thermochemistry of CaCl₂ Dissolving (ΔH, ΔS)

    • Calculating temperature using ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. Calculation provided.

    Exothermic Reaction (Iron and Carbon Dioxide Production)

    • Given formula and stoichiometric amounts for calculating amount of heat produced. - Calculate heat produced when a certain amount of Fe₂O₃ reacts with carbon monoxide, given an exothermic reaction. Calculate the kilojoules.

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    Description

    This quiz covers various aspects of radioactivity, focusing on half-life calculations and nuclear decay processes. You will explore the half-lives of different isotopes, including Plutonium-238 and Cesium-137, as well as completing nuclear reaction equations. Test your knowledge on the principles of radioactivity and decay!

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