24 Questions
What is the principle behind calculating the age of fossils?
Studying the decay of isotopes
What is the primary function of Uranium-235 in nuclear reactors?
To generate thermal energy
What happens when a slow neutron hits the heavy nucleus of Uranium-235?
It splits into smaller nuclei
What is the expected electricity production capacity of the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant?
2,400 megawatts
What is the main danger posed by radioactive isotopes?
Causing genetic changes in humans
What was the devastating consequence of the Chernobyl accident in 1986?
Loss of numerous lives and extensive environmental damage
What is the primary use of nuclear reactors in power plants?
To generate electricity
What is the process by which atomic bombs release energy?
Nuclear fission
What is the result of the mass lost in the fission process?
It is released as energy as E = mc2
What is the primary difference between fission and fusion reactions?
The direction of mass change
Which type of nuclear reaction involves the splitting of a large nucleus?
Fission
What is the equation that relates the energy released to the mass lost in a nuclear reaction?
E = mc2
Where does the energy created in the fusion process originate from?
From the mass lost during the reaction
Which type of nuclear reaction is used to create energy in the Ruppur nuclear power plant?
Fission
What is the outcome of the fusion process?
A larger nucleus is formed
Where does the fusion process occur naturally?
In the sun
What is the source of the sun's energy?
Nuclear reactions
How much energy is produced from burning 1 gram of coal?
3000 Joules of thermal energy
What is the role of c in Einstein's equation E = mc²?
It represents the speed of light
What is the relationship between mass and energy according to E = mc²?
Mass is converted into energy at a rate proportional to the speed of light squared
What is the significance of the equation E = mc² in nuclear power plants?
It expresses the relationship between mass and energy in nuclear reactions
What is the approximate amount of energy produced from 1 gram of matter through nuclear reactions?
900000000000 Joules
What is the location of the country's first nuclear power plant mentioned in the text?
Rooppur
Why is it difficult to transform mass into energy at will?
Because it is a complex process
Study Notes
Determining the Age of Fossils
- Scientists determine the age of fossils by studying the decay of isotopes and examining the ratio of stable and unstable isotopes.
Nuclear Power Generation
- Uranium-235 is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to generate electricity in nuclear power plants.
- When a slow neutron hits the heavy nucleus of Uranium-235, it splits into smaller nuclei, producing a significant amount of thermal energy.
- This heat energy is then used to generate electricity with the help of a generator.
Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant
- A new nuclear power plant is being constructed in Rooppur, Bangladesh, which is expected to produce 2,400 megawatts of electricity.
Effects of Radioactive Isotopes
- Radioactive isotopes can be very dangerous to humans in uncontrolled conditions, leading to cancer by causing genetic changes.
- Examples of disasters caused by radioactive isotopes include the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the Chernobyl accident in Russia.
Nuclear Reactions
- There are two types of nuclear reactions: fission and fusion.
- Fission involves a large nucleus splitting into two smaller nuclei, releasing energy as E = mc².
- Fusion involves two small nuclei combining to form a larger nucleus, also releasing energy as E = mc².
Relationship between Mass and Energy
- The source of all energy on earth is the Sun, which radiates energy through nuclear reactions.
- The equation E = mc² shows that a small amount of mass can be converted into a large amount of energy.
- Nuclear energy is much more powerful than chemical energy, with 1 gram of matter producing 9,00,00,00,00,00,000 joules of energy.
Discover how scientists determine the age of fossils using radioactive isotopes and their applications in power generation.
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