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Questions and Answers
What is the decay constant for phosphorus-32 if its half-life is 14.26 days?
What is the decay constant for phosphorus-32 if its half-life is 14.26 days?
- 0.0486 s⁻¹
- 0.0486 d⁻¹ (correct)
- 0.0972 d⁻¹
- 0.0486 yr⁻¹
How much energy is released from 3.57 × 10¹² decays of beta particles with an average energy of 700 keV?
How much energy is released from 3.57 × 10¹² decays of beta particles with an average energy of 700 keV?
- 0.412 J
- 0.350 J
- 0.400 J (correct)
- 0.560 J
What fraction of the original nuclei remains after 30 days for palladium-103, which has a half-life of 17.0 days?
What fraction of the original nuclei remains after 30 days for palladium-103, which has a half-life of 17.0 days?
- 0.294 (correct)
- 0.706
- 0.500
- 0.350
What is the initial activity of the palladium-103 capsules required to deliver 2.12 J of gamma radiation in 30 days?
What is the initial activity of the palladium-103 capsules required to deliver 2.12 J of gamma radiation in 30 days?
How many nuclei were initially present if the initial activity was 5.22 MBq for phosphorus-32?
How many nuclei were initially present if the initial activity was 5.22 MBq for phosphorus-32?
What is the energy in joules of a single gamma ray emitted by palladium-103 with an energy of 21.0 keV?
What is the energy in joules of a single gamma ray emitted by palladium-103 with an energy of 21.0 keV?
Which calculation correctly identifies the amount of energy absorbed during a 10.0-day period for phosphorus-32?
Which calculation correctly identifies the amount of energy absorbed during a 10.0-day period for phosphorus-32?
If 0.706 of palladium-103 has decayed after 30 days, how does this influence the total energy delivered to the tumor?
If 0.706 of palladium-103 has decayed after 30 days, how does this influence the total energy delivered to the tumor?
What is the net rate of energy absorption from radiation for a person weighing 70.0 kg, given an absorption limit of 45.5 mJ per year per kilogram?
What is the net rate of energy absorption from radiation for a person weighing 70.0 kg, given an absorption limit of 45.5 mJ per year per kilogram?
Which equation represents the mass-energy equivalence in nuclear reactions?
Which equation represents the mass-energy equivalence in nuclear reactions?
In the given nuclear reaction, what is the significance of adding 92 electrons?
In the given nuclear reaction, what is the significance of adding 92 electrons?
What is the total energy released from decay per year when considering the decay rate and decay energy?
What is the total energy released from decay per year when considering the decay rate and decay energy?
What does the variable λ represent in the context of decay rates?
What does the variable λ represent in the context of decay rates?
In radioactive decay theory, $P = QR$ implies what relationship?
In radioactive decay theory, $P = QR$ implies what relationship?
Which of the following calculations involves nuclear binding energy?
Which of the following calculations involves nuclear binding energy?
What is the role of the factor $6.02 \times 10^{23}$ in nuclear decay calculations?
What is the role of the factor $6.02 \times 10^{23}$ in nuclear decay calculations?
What is the edge dimension of a 70.0-kg cube of uranium with a density of $18.7 × 10^3$ kg/m³?
What is the edge dimension of a 70.0-kg cube of uranium with a density of $18.7 × 10^3$ kg/m³?
Which of the following correctly describes the decay energy released in the decay of $^{238}U$?
Which of the following correctly describes the decay energy released in the decay of $^{238}U$?
How is the power output ($ ext{℘}$) of a radioactive sample calculated?
How is the power output ($ ext{℘}$) of a radioactive sample calculated?
What is the decay constant ($ ext{λ}$) for $^{238}U$ given its half-life of $4.47 × 10^9$ years?
What is the decay constant ($ ext{λ}$) for $^{238}U$ given its half-life of $4.47 × 10^9$ years?
What type of decay does $^{238}U$ primarily undergo?
What type of decay does $^{238}U$ primarily undergo?
In the context of applications of nuclear energy, which use is primarily associated with depleted uranium?
In the context of applications of nuclear energy, which use is primarily associated with depleted uranium?
If a radioactive material has a decay rate of $1.52 × 10^{18}$ counts per minute, what will its power output be if the decay energy is $Q$?
If a radioactive material has a decay rate of $1.52 × 10^{18}$ counts per minute, what will its power output be if the decay energy is $Q$?
How long would it take for a sample with a decay constant of $2.38 × 10^{-2}$ yr$^{-1}$ to decay to $1/10^{18}$ of its original amount?
How long would it take for a sample with a decay constant of $2.38 × 10^{-2}$ yr$^{-1}$ to decay to $1/10^{18}$ of its original amount?
Flashcards
Radiation Exposure Limit
Radiation Exposure Limit
Maximum permissible radiation absorption per year per kilogram of body mass.
Energy Absorption Rate
Energy Absorption Rate
The rate at which energy from radiation is absorbed.
Nuclear Decay Chain Energy
Nuclear Decay Chain Energy
The total energy released during a series of radioactive decays.
Decay Rate (R)
Decay Rate (R)
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Radioactive Decay Constant (λ)
Radioactive Decay Constant (λ)
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Energy Released per Decay (Q)
Energy Released per Decay (Q)
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Power (P)
Power (P)
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Steady State Decay
Steady State Decay
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Beta Particle Energy
Beta Particle Energy
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Radioactive Decay Constant
Radioactive Decay Constant
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Number of Nuclei Remaining
Number of Nuclei Remaining
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Energy Released (Radioactive)
Energy Released (Radioactive)
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Activity (Radioactive)
Activity (Radioactive)
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Half-life (Radioactive)
Half-life (Radioactive)
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Initial Activity Calculation
Initial Activity Calculation
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Energy per decay
Energy per decay
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Uranium-238 decay edge dimension
Uranium-238 decay edge dimension
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Uranium-238 half-life
Uranium-238 half-life
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Uranium-238 decay chain
Uranium-238 decay chain
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Net decay energy (Qnet)
Net decay energy (Qnet)
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Radioactive power output
Radioactive power output
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Depleted Uranium
Depleted Uranium
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Radioactive decay rate (R0)
Radioactive decay rate (R0)
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Steady state decay (daughters)
Steady state decay (daughters)
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Study Notes
Radioactive Decay Problems
- Tritium Half-Life: Tritium (H) has a half-life of 12.33 years.
- Tritium Age Measurement: Can be used to estimate the age of objects up to approximately 100 years. Produced in upper atmosphere; brought to Earth by rain.
- Wine Age Estimation: Applying tritium decay, a bottle of wine with tritium levels similar to new wine's levels can have an estimated age close to 41 years.
Strontium-90
- Nuclear Fission Product: Produced during nuclear fission of uranium (in reactors and bombs).
- Chemical Similarity: Chemically similar to calcium, potentially dangerous if ingested, as body incorporates it into bones.
- High Neutron Count: Has too many neutrons compared to other elements in the same periodic table column.
- Half-Life: Strontium-90's half-life is about 29 years.
- Decay Reaction: 90Sr → 90Y + e+
- Daughter Nucleus Decay: The daughter nucleus, Y, is radioactive; 90Y undergoes further decay; a stable nucleus, 90Zr, is ultimately formed.
- Time to Reach 1%: It will take approximately 193 years for the amount of 90Sr on Earth to reach 1% of its current level (assuming no new material is added).
Carbon-14 Dating
- Constant Carbon-14: The amount of Carbon-14 in living organisms is assumed constant until the organism dies.
- Decay after Death: After death, Carbon-14 decays, and the amount of Carbon-14 decreases over time.
- Half-Life: The half-life of Carbon-14 is 5,730 years.
- Age of Old Wooden Tool: If an old wooden tool contains only 6.0% of the Carbon-14 found in contemporary fresh wood, its estimated age is approximately 2.3 x 10⁴ years.
Radioactive Dating of a Dinosaur Bone
- Initial Activity: The initial activity of the bone chip is calculated.
- Time to 1% Level: It takes approximately 7500 years for the radioactivity level of a substance to decrease to 1% its initial activity.
- Age Determination: Measuring the current activity of a bone sample allows us to estimate its age using a known half-life of carbon-14.
- Conclusion: Given the estimated age of the bone sample in question and its age relative to the dinosaurs, it is improbable that the bone is that of a dinosaur.
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Description
This quiz covers concepts related to radioactive decay, focusing on tritium and strontium-90. Explore half-lives, age estimation of objects, and the chemical behavior of these isotopes. Test your understanding of nuclear fission products and their implications.
