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Questions and Answers
During which stage of conception development is the embryo most sensitive to the lethal effects of ionizing radiation?
During which stage of conception development is the embryo most sensitive to the lethal effects of ionizing radiation?
- Organogenesis
- Pre-implantation (correct)
- Implantation
- Fetal development
What risks for the fetus are associated with radiation exposure during the pre-implantation phase?
What risks for the fetus are associated with radiation exposure during the pre-implantation phase?
- Accelerated growth
- Enhanced intelligence quotient
- Severe mental retardation (correct)
- Normal growth and development
At what point during gestation can irradiation cause functional disabilities?
At what point during gestation can irradiation cause functional disabilities?
- Before 11 weeks
- Between 16 and 20 weeks
- Between 11 and 16 weeks
- After 30 weeks (correct)
What is the most likely outcome of cellular damage to the embryo in the first three weeks of gestation?
What is the most likely outcome of cellular damage to the embryo in the first three weeks of gestation?
Which phase of conception development involves days 0 to 14 and has a relatively small number of cells in the embryo?
Which phase of conception development involves days 0 to 14 and has a relatively small number of cells in the embryo?
What effect can radiation exposure have on the live-born child if it occurs before or immediately after the implantation of the embryo?
What effect can radiation exposure have on the live-born child if it occurs before or immediately after the implantation of the embryo?
At what dose threshold do malformations typically occur?
At what dose threshold do malformations typically occur?
During which stage of pregnancy is the fetus most sensitive to the effects of radiation on the central nervous system?
During which stage of pregnancy is the fetus most sensitive to the effects of radiation on the central nervous system?
What is the threshold for malformations associated with central nervous system problems caused by radiation during pregnancy?
What is the threshold for malformations associated with central nervous system problems caused by radiation during pregnancy?
When are malformations most likely to be caused during pregnancy?
When are malformations most likely to be caused during pregnancy?
At what stage of pregnancy does the fetus become more resistant to the effects of radiation?
At what stage of pregnancy does the fetus become more resistant to the effects of radiation?
At what weeks post-conception is the central nervous system particularly sensitive to radiation exposure?
At what weeks post-conception is the central nervous system particularly sensitive to radiation exposure?
What fetal dose range can result in severe mental retardation and microcephaly?
What fetal dose range can result in severe mental retardation and microcephaly?
When is mental retardation not observed to be induced by radiation exposure?
When is mental retardation not observed to be induced by radiation exposure?
What kind of effect is observed on IQ with increasing radiation dose?
What kind of effect is observed on IQ with increasing radiation dose?
Between which weeks of gestation were severe abnormalities observed due to radiation exposure?
Between which weeks of gestation were severe abnormalities observed due to radiation exposure?
What level of exposure is necessary to cause a miscarriage during the fetus' sensitivity period to x-rays?
What level of exposure is necessary to cause a miscarriage during the fetus' sensitivity period to x-rays?
At what dose would no effect be detectable in the general distribution of IQ, according to the text?
At what dose would no effect be detectable in the general distribution of IQ, according to the text?
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