Radiation Biology Quiz

<p>The rate at which energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The biological effect is directly proportional to the absorbed radiation dose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X-rays are produced by the sudden deceleration of electrons, while gamma rays are emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The radiation quality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a higher penetrating power and therefore deposit less energy in the body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deterministic effects are characterized by a threshold dose, while stochastic effects are not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize the risk of stochastic effects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The probability of an effect occurring. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Threshold curves have a specific dose at which effects begin to occur, while non-threshold curves do not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear threshold curve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Curve A reflects a baseline level of effects in a population, while Curve B does not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ALARA philosophy emphasizes keeping exposure to ionizing radiation as low as reasonably achievable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provide fuel for cell metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Composed solely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitating biochemical reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control cell function and hereditary information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2:1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By combining amino acids held by peptide bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Messenger RNA (mRNA) and Transfer RNA (tRNA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolism includes both catabolism and anabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shape of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meiosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporary or permanent infertility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By causing genetic mutations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatic effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relative Biological Effectiveness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased LET results in increased biologic damage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces the greatest response. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionizing potential of radiation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The effect is less than a short delivery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiations with a LET below diagnostic x-rays. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A higher dose is needed to produce the same effect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances tissue sensitivity to radiation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is high during childhood and low during adulthood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Males are 5-10% more sensitive than females. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiosensitizers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They must be administered at toxic levels to be effective. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases biological damage in tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases absorption in tissues with lower-energy ranges. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA is more sensitive to radiation than other cell structures.

The liquid inside the cell that contains water and organelles.

Two types: mRNA and tRNA play key roles in protein synthesis.

Factors include organ function, maturation rate, and cell type sensitivity.

Genetic cells undergo meiosis; somatic cells undergo mitosis.

Radiation effects on the irradiated body, can be early or late.

Radiation-induced changes that affect future generations.

Germ cells in testes and ovaries are highly sensitive to radiation.

Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; provide fuel for cell metabolism.

Macromolecules formed from amino acids, crucial for body structure and functions like enzymes and antibodies.

Fats composed of glycerol and fatty acids that store energy and provide insulation.

Biomolecules like DNA and RNA that store and transmit genetic information.

Molecule in the nucleus carrying hereditary information and controlling cell functions.

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment within the body.

The total of all chemical reactions in the body, including anabolism and catabolism.

The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller units, releasing energy.

Radiations like x-rays and gamma rays; low LET due to fewer ionizations.

Rate at which energy from ionizing radiation transfers to tissue.

Heavy, positively charged particles that cause high ionization.

Radiation with significant mass/charge causing rapid energy loss.

Radiation like x-rays/gamma rays that penetrate tissues less effectively.

Both are ionizing radiation; differ in origin, not properties.

Impact on tissue increases with absorbed dose and size of irradiated area.

Alpha particles lose their energy quickly due to high LET.

A measure of radiation's ability to cause biological damage, comparing different types of radiation.

The rate at which energy is transferred from radiation to matter, influencing ionization and biological damage.

Radiation with enough energy to ionize atoms, causing potential biological damage through LET.

As LET increases, the biological damage caused by radiation also increases.

The RBE for diagnostic x-rays is defined as 1, serving as a comparison baseline.

The process of delivering radiation in smaller doses over time, leading to reduced biological effects.

The delivery of radiation over a longer period of time reduces the biological effect compared to a single large dose.

Effects of radiation vary based on total dose, area size, and delivery timing.

A measure of the increased effectiveness of radiation in the presence of oxygen compared to anoxic conditions.

Chemical agents that enhance the effects of radiation on cells.

Agents that increase resistance to radiation, often toxic at effective doses.

Sensitivity to radiation varies with age; highest before birth and in older age.

Males are generally more sensitive to radiation than females by 5-10%.

Cell death that occurs if a radiation dose is too high before the next cell division.

Effects that occur at any dose, such as genetic defects and cancer.

Effects that require a threshold dose, such as cataracts.

Maximum allowable radiation dose to the whole body, set at 50 mSv.

Cataracts occur only after a threshold dose of 2 Gy.

Graphs showing relationship between radiation dose and effects.

Includes threshold and non-threshold curves, and shapes like linear and sigmoidal.

An effect that only occurs after a specific radiation dose is reached.

Straight line indicating consistent risk increase with dose.