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Questions and Answers
What does RADAR stand for?
Which of the following are components of a radar system?
What are the two basic radar systems mentioned?
What does Mode A transponder do?
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Secondary radar overcomes the limitations of primary radar.
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What is the function of a transponder?
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The total number of combinations for transponder codes is __.
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What should a pilot do with the transponder before taxiing?
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What does the special transponder code 7700 indicate?
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The ATIS provides information like weather and runway in use.
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What is the main purpose of radar traffic advisories?
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Study Notes
Radar
- Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) has three components.
- Two basic radar systems exist: Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR) and Air Route Surveillance Radar.
- ASR is used by approach, departure controllers, towers, and ground controllers; it has a short range.
- Air Route Surveillance Radar uses transponder-equipped aircraft and beacons, covering approximately a 200-mile radius.
Types of Radar
- Primary radar: uses a rotating antenna to transmit radio waves in a narrow beam.
- Secondary radar (Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System): overcomes limitations of primary radar.
Decoder and Transponder
- The decoder (ground equipment) allows controllers to assign a discrete transponder code to aircraft.
- The transponder receives an interrogation signal from the computer and replies with a specific coded signal.
- This enables ATC to identify aircraft on a radar screen.
Transponder Modes
- Mode A: transmits only an identifying code.
- Mode C: provides altitude information automatically.
- Mode S: has altitude capability and permits data exchange; more advanced than Mode C.
Transponder Operation and Phraseology
- "Squawk" is used to assign aircraft codes and indicate transponder function selection (OFF, SBY, ON, ALT, TST).
- Common transponder phraseology includes instructions for squawking specific numbers, standby, altitude, identification, and stopping squawks.
- Special codes include: 1200 (VFR), 7500 (hijacked), 7600 (radio failure), 7700 (other emergencies).
Transponder Usage
- Before taxiing, set the transponder to standby.
- Before takeoff, set it to ON (Mode A) or ALT (Mode C).
- When contacting ATC, state altitude to the nearest 100 feet.
- After landing, switch to standby or OFF as soon as possible.
Radar Traffic Advisories and Safety Alerts
- Radar provides safety alerts, traffic advisories, and limited vectoring.
- Traffic advisories include azimuth (12-hour clock reference), distance (nautical miles), direction of movement, type, and altitude of aircraft.
- Safety alerts warn of unsafe proximity to terrain, obstructions, or other aircraft. Examples include "Low altitude alert" and "Traffic alert".
VHF/DF (Direction Finder)
- Flight Service Stations (FSS) can locate aircraft with an operational VHF transmitter using direction-finding equipment. The pilot keys their microphone while the FSS homes in on the signal.
VHF Communication Equipment
- Operates on the VHF range (118.0 MHz – 135.975 MHz).
- Two channel classifications exist: 360-channel radios (50 kHz spacing) and 720-channel radios (25 kHz spacing).
ATIS (Automatic Terminal Information Service)
- Provides current weather information, runway in use, departure frequency, and remarks for a specific airport. Information typically includes time of report, airport name, phonetic letter identifier, wind direction and velocity, visibility, ceiling, sky condition, temperature, dew point, and altimeter setting.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of Radar systems, including components like Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR) and Air Route Surveillance Radar. This quiz covers the types of radar, along with the functioning of decoders and transponders in air traffic control. Test your knowledge on how these systems work together for efficient air traffic management.
