Racial Dynamics in the U.S. Education System

According to the passage, what is one of the main reasons why students from racial and ethnic minority groups are systematically disadvantaged in schools?

How does the passage describe the impact of 'white cultural hegemony' on what takes place in public schools?

According to the passage, what is one form of the 'wages of whiteness' that provides certain advantages to those with white skin?

What does the passage suggest is more important than student cultures in determining achievement levels?

How does the passage describe the way school personnel interpret similar behaviors differently depending on the race of the student?

What does the passage suggest about the way resources children and families bring to school are valued by teachers?

According to the passage, what is one way that 'raced and gendered ideas' shape everyday encounters between school personnel and students and their families?

What is the main focus of the chapter from which this passage is drawn?

According to the passage, what is the primary responsibility for the education of children in the United States?

What is the main perspective or argument presented in the passage regarding the role of 'oppositional culture' in explaining school outcomes?

Which of the following statements accurately describes racial inequality in educational funding and opportunities?

Which group is the most racially isolated in educational institutions and attends schools with the highest levels of resources?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a disadvantage faced by majority-minority schools?

What is one of the reasons for inequalities in school resources?

According to the data cited in the text, what percentage of Black students attended schools with poverty rates below 10% in 2002-3?

Which of the following statements about the racial achievement gap is NOT supported by the text?

Which of the following processes contribute to inequalities in school resources?

Which of the following statements about racial gaps in school achievement is NOT true according to the text?

What percentage of Latino students attended schools with poverty rates below 10% in 2002-3?

What is one of the factors contributing to the racial achievement gap?

What was the primary intent behind denying Black children access to education before Reconstruction?

What does the text imply about the nature of white dominance in schooling today?

How were the benefits of "the moment not long ago when affirmative action was white" transmitted?

Which of the following contributed to the concentration of racial resources within particular communities?

What does the author suggest about the legacy of racial domination in education?

How are public schools primarily funded in the United States?

What historical practices have influenced the racial hierarchies in the educational system of the United States?

How does the reliance on local property taxes for school funding affect affluent and poor neighborhoods?

What is a consequence of unequal funding for public schools in the United States?

How do higher-income communities contribute to disparities in school funding?

What distinguishes today's separate and unequal schools from the past explicitly racially segregated schools?

Which factor contributes significantly to the racial disparities within the public school system?

What is one key reason that public schools remain highly unequal despite no longer being legally segregated?

What is the main consequence of grouping students by ability, according to the text?

Why does tracking remain prevalent in schools despite evidence against it?

How does tracking negatively impact students in low tracks?

What is the primary reason African American students are more likely to be labeled with disabilities?

What is one key difference in the placement of African American students in special education compared to their peers?

How does grouping students by ability exacerbate racial inequalities in education?

Why do high-track students benefit more from the educational system, according to the text?

How do racial ideologies help explain the demographic reality of schools today?

What is one significant drawback faced by minority students regarding special education placements?

According to the passage, what is one reason why low-income and minority students are more likely to be taught by lower-quality or uncredentialed teachers?

What does the passage suggest is one explanation for why poor and minority students are often taught by inexperienced and ill-equipped teachers?

What does the passage indicate about the distribution of teachers with higher credentials within schools?

What does the passage suggest is a key factor contributing to racial disparities in school resources and teacher quality?

According to the passage, what is one way that urban schools try to address teacher shortages?

What does the passage suggest is a consequence of the unequal distribution of experienced and credentialed teachers?

According to the passage, what role do schools play in regard to race?

What does the passage suggest is necessary to address racial disparities in education?

According to the passage, what role do racial ideologies play in perpetuating educational inequalities?

Which of the following statements best characterizes the passage's perspective on the relationship between schools and racial disparities?

What does the passage imply about the potential for progressive changes in education without addressing racial injustice in society?

Based on the passage, which of the following statements about the role of schools in shaping racial understanding is most accurate?

According to the passage, why are Latino students often underrepresented in special education programs?

What does the passage suggest as a potential reason for the overrepresentation of African American students in special education?

According to the passage, what factor contributes to the cultural gap between teachers and minority students?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a potential factor contributing to racial disparities in special education placement?

According to the passage, what is one way that school personnel might interpret student behavior differently based on race?

Which of the following statements about the role of cultural bias in standardized testing is supported by the passage?

According to the passage, what is one potential consequence of placing minority students in special education programs?

Which of the following statements about the placement of minority students in special education is true according to the passage?

According to the passage, what is one potential reason for the underrepresentation of Latino students in special education programs compared to other minority groups?

Which of the following statements about the educational system is supported by the passage?

According to the passage, what is one of the main reasons for racial disparities in school discipline?

What does the passage suggest about the historical role of schools in the United States?

According to the passage, what is one of the primary barriers to educational transformation in the United States?

What does the passage suggest about the impact of local funding for schools?

According to the passage, what is one reason why racial disparities in education persist despite efforts to address them?

What does the passage suggest about the success of the U.S. school system in reducing the impact of social origins on educational opportunities?

According to the passage, what is one factor that contributes to the success of some students of color in overcoming educational barriers?

What does the passage suggest about the role of cultural differences in contributing to racial disparities in school discipline?

According to the passage, what is one reason why schools are not neutral institutions?

What does the passage suggest about the impact of affirmative action policies on educational opportunities?

What is one of the mechanisms mentioned in the text that contributes to the lack of high-quality teachers in poor and minority schools?

What is a reason why few African American and Latino students are enrolled in upper-level mathematics courses?

What do scholars offer as an explanation for why teachers tend to hold lower academic expectations for minority students compared to white students?

How do cultural differences between teachers and minority students influence teachers' perceptions of student ability?

Why are few minority students enrolled in challenging courses according to the text?

What influences teacher assessment of students according to the text?

How do teachers' perceptions of minority students impact the curriculum according to the passage?

What do some scholars argue about the interaction between teachers and white versus minority students?

'Given that the culture of mainstream education resembles white culture,' what can happen to minority students displaying opposing behaviors?

'Students who align their classroom behavior with mainstream educational values' are viewed by teachers as:

According to the passage, what is one of the main reasons for the disproportionate placement of minority students in lower academic tracks?

What does the passage suggest about the consequences of being placed in lower academic tracks?

According to the research cited in the passage, how does ability grouping or tracking affect preexisting inequalities?

What does the passage suggest about the role of teachers' expectations in perpetuating educational inequalities?

According to the passage, what is one factor that contributes to lower teacher expectations in low-income and African American schools?

According to the passage, what is one way in which self-fulfilling prophecies emerge in the classroom?

What does the passage suggest about the relationship between race and track placement, even when controlling for measured achievement?

According to the passage, what is one characteristic of predominantly minority schools?

What does the passage suggest about the role of school organizational factors in shaping teacher expectations?

According to the passage, what is one consequence of lower teacher expectations for minority students?

According to the passage, what is a key factor contributing to racial disparities in school discipline?

What is a significant consequence of the racial disparities in school discipline mentioned in the passage?

According to the data cited in the passage, what percentage of suspensions in public schools nationally are given to white students?

Which of the following statements about racial disparities in school discipline is NOT supported by the passage?

What does the passage suggest about the implementation of zero-tolerance policies across school districts?

What does the passage suggest about the racial composition of suspensions and expulsions in the San Diego city school district in the 2000-2001 academic year?

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about the relationship between race and special education referrals?

What does the passage suggest about the relationship between school discipline and the criminalization of minority communities?

According to the passage, which of the following groups are overrepresented in school suspensions and other disciplinary consequences?

Based on the information in the passage, which of the following statements is true about racial disparities in school discipline in Texas?