Race-Based Medicine Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary reason race-based medicine is considered fundamentally flawed?

  • It relies heavily on social constructs rather than biological categories. (correct)
  • It incorporates genetic variations effectively.
  • It effectively addresses health disparities in various populations.
  • It provides personalized treatment based on racial classifications.

    • Which of the following is an example of how race-based medicine oversimplifies complex health factors?

  • Utilizing universal screening guidelines for diabetes regardless of ethnicity.
  • Recommending low-fat diets for all patients with hypertension.
  • Proposing standard dosages of medication across all demographics.
  • Adjusting renal function estimates for Black patients based on muscle mass assumptions. (correct)

    • How can race-based medicine detrimentally impact patient care?

  • By ensuring timely access to medical resources for all racial groups.
  • By fostering a more equitable healthcare system for marginalized races.
  • By leading to delayed diagnoses due to misinformed adjustments. (correct)
  • By providing patients with a wider range of treatment options.

    • What is a more effective approach than race-based medicine according to the provided content?

    <p>Adopting a race-conscious approach that addresses societal factors affecting health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the implicit bias associated with race-based medicine?

    <p>It perpetuates stereotypes that misrepresent health conditions as inherent traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary recommendation for kidney function assessment instead of using race-based tools?

    <p>Utilizing cystatin C measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the authors of the study view race in relation to health disparities?

    <p>As a product of environmental and socioeconomic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reported rate of direct COVID-19 racial discrimination among youth according to the survey?

    <p>45.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described as a critical practice in research regarding the use of race?

    <p>To explicitly define race's context and avoid biological proxies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant findings regarding vicarious experiences of discrimination among youth?

    <p>Most witnessed in-person vicarious discrimination at rates near 91.9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does race-conscious medicine focus on as opposed to race-based medicine?

    <p>Social determinants and systemic inequities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of parents perceived health-related Sinophobia as a public health threat?

    <p>49.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of cortisol in response to societal threats?

    <p>Feeling threatened or a lack of control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is more likely to experience higher blood pressure and resting heart rates?

    <p>American men in high-demand, low-control jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does socio-economic status play in health outcomes?

    <p>It determines both stressors faced and available resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does stressor interference affect brain health?

    <p>It causes chemical damage to the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does homeownership duration of a person's parents have on health?

    <p>It decreases their chances of catching a cold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which previous social reforms significantly improved American health?

    <p>Introduction of universal education and sanitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors contribute to worse health outcomes for African Americans compared to whites?

    <p>Racial discrimination and socioeconomic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a non-medical approach to reducing health inequality?

    <p>Addressing the wealth gap and education access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about stress is incorrect based on societal impacts?

    <p>Chronic stress affects all individuals equally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor has shown to correlate positively with health status in a twin study?

    <p>Class status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason cited for the health disparities observed in America, despite high spending on medical care?

    <p>Inequality in economic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship between employment grade and health outcomes?

    <p>Lower employment grades correlate with a higher risk of major causes of death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'excess death' refer to in the context of public health?

    <p>Deaths that occur in a population beyond predicted levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of the total health spending in the world does American medical care account for?

    <p>Nearly half of total health spending</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What educational attainment is associated with a longer life expectancy?

    <p>Attainment of a college degree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of homeownership contributes to health disparities in families?

    <p>It offers financial security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, which factor does NOT directly impact life expectancy predictions?

    <p>Geographic mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a misconception about personal health that is highlighted in the content?

    <p>Health is solely determined by genetics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Race-Based Medicine

    • Involves using race as a biological determinant in clinical practice
    • Relies on the assumption that racial groups have distinct genetic and physiological traits
    • Influences diagnoses, treatments, and medical education
    • Example: Adjusting Black patients' renal function based on presumed higher muscle mass
    • Example: Screening Asian patients for diabetes at lower BMI thresholds
    • Example: Different hypertension treatment guidelines for Black patients based on presumed ACE inhibitor efficacy

    Flaws in Race-Based Medicine

    • Race is a social construct, not a biological category
    • Genetic variation is continuous, not aligned with racial classifications
    • Implicit bias perpetuates stereotypes and systemic inequalities
    • Inaccuracy of using race as a proxy, oversimplifying complex factors like genetic ancestry, environment, and socioeconomic conditions
    • Misinforms care and leads to delayed diagnoses, inappropriate treatments, and exacerbates health disparities.

    Race-Conscious Approach

    • Acknowledges racism as a determinant of health, instead of using race as a biological marker
    • Aims to address racism and promote equity and precision in care
    • Avoidance of race-based adjustments (e.g., use cystatin C instead of race-based eGFR for kidney function)
    • Education on structural racism, focusing on socioeconomic and environmental factors
    • Critical research practices, avoiding race as a proxy for biology
    • Inclusive policymaking ensuring diverse representation in guideline creation and decisions
    • Study examines the experiences of Chinese American parents and children
    • Focuses on COVID-19 related racism and racial discrimination
    • Explores online and in-person direct and vicarious discrimination
    • Examines perceptions of Sinophobia related to health and media portrayals
    • High rates of COVID-19 racial discrimination were reported by parents and youth, both online and in-person
    • Vicarious racial discrimination online and in person was reported in high percentages
    • Many perceive health related Sinophobia
    • The study found negative association between psychological well-being and perceptions of discrimination and Sinophobia
    • Anxiety and depressive symptoms increased with exposure to discrimination and Sinophobia
    • Psychological well-being declined due to online and in-person discrimination, health-related Sinophobia, and media Sinophobia

    Racialization of Disease

    • The association of specific diseases with specific racial or ethnic groups
    • Stigmatization and systemic bias
    • COVID-19 examples: Chinese Americans unfairly blamed and viewed as carriers of the virus
    • Reinforces xenophobia and tangible mental health consequences

    Lecture Concepts (Socioeconomic Status and Health)

    • Misconception: Biology solely defines health
    • Health develops and changes over time
    • Socioeconomic status is strongly correlated with health status
    • Higher-class individuals have better health
    • Excess death in lower-income populations
    • Wealth concentration and its impact on health disparities

    Racial Health Disparities

    • African Americans and Hispanics have higher rates of hospitalizations for COVID-19 compared to whites
    • High blood pressure is more common in African Americans
    • Higher rates of diabetes and heart disease in certain racial groups
    • Life expectancy varies significantly among racial groups, with disparities related to socio economic conditions
    • Some states have larger life expectancy gaps than others
    • Pregnancy related mortality rate is higher for some racial groups

    Models of Racial Health Disparities

    • Racial genetic model (little empirical support)
    • Health behavior model (little empirical support)
    • Socioeconomic disparities model (explains some but not all of the gap)
    • Psychosocial stress model (well supported)
    • Structural-constructivist model (well supported)

    Income and Life Expectancy

    • High-income Americans are more likely to live longer than low-income Americans
    • Wider discrepancies in life expectancy between high and low-income groups throughout history
    • Relationships between socioeconomic status and racial health disparities have grown stronger over time
    • Minority Poverty and Diminishing Returns hypotheses

    Childhood Trauma, Racism, and Public Health

    • Childhood trauma increases the risk of mental health issues (anxiety, depression, PTSD)
    • Racism is a public health crisis
    • Racism contributes to physical and mental health problems
    • Racism in access to COVID-19 vaccines
    • Some minority groups are more likely to face inadequate health infrastructure.

    Symbolic Violence and Racial Survival

    • A term describing subtle ways that dominant groups maintain their power over marginalized groups
    • Racial survival strategies used by marginalized groups, including code-switching, masking, and racial tolerance testing
    • Ways in which marginalized groups feel out members of other groups to determine their tolerance niveles.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the implications and flaws of race-based medicine in clinical practice. This quiz explores how racial assumptions can affect diagnoses and treatments while highlighting the issues surrounding race as a biological determinant in healthcare. Learn about the consequences of relying on race in medical education and practice.

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