RA 6657: Agrarian Reform Law of 1988

RA 6657 - Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988

• Agrarian Reform involves redistributing agricultural lands to landless farmers and farmworkers
• This also includes support services and alternative arrangements like profit-sharing and stock distribution
• Agricultural Activity includes farming, livestock raising, poultry, fishing, and harvesting of agricultural products
• Agricultural Land refers to land used for agriculture, but excludes mineral, forest, residential, commercial, or industrial lands
• Agrarian Dispute refers to conflicts over land tenure, farmworker representation, compensation, or transfer of ownership under agrarian reform laws
• Idle/Abandoned Land means agricultural land left uncultivated for three years, unless unproductive due to force majeure
• Farmer is someone who cultivates land for livelihood, either as an owner, leaseholder, or tenant
• Farmworker is a person employed in agricultural work for wages, including those affected by agrarian disputes
• Regular Farmworker is permanently employed on a farm
• Seasonal Farmworker is hired periodically or seasonally (e.g., "dumaan," "sacada")
• Other Farmworker does not fit into the regular or seasonal category
• Cooperatives are groups of small farmers or agrarian beneficiaries pooling resources to operate collectively, based on the one-member, one-vote principle

RA 9003 - Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

• Agricultural Waste is waste from planting, harvesting, pruning, and farm runoff
• Bulky Waste refers to large discarded items like furniture, lamps, and filing cabinets
• Bureau refers to the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB)
• Buy-Back Center involves a recycling center that purchases recyclable materials from the public
• Collection means the removal of solid waste from its source or communal storage points
• Composting is controlled decomposition of organic matter into a humus-like material
• Consumer Electronics includes discarded radios, stereos, and TV sets
• Controlled Dump is a regulated disposal site that follows basic environmental standards
• Department refers to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
• Disposal is the act of discarding waste in landfills, dumps, or other sites
• Disposal Site : A location for final waste disposal
• Ecological Solid Waste Management is to follow a systematic approach to waste segregation, transport, and disposal with minimal environmental impact
• Environmentally Acceptable materials are biodegradable, recyclable, and non-toxic
• Generation is the act of producing waste through human activities
• Generator is a person or entity responsible for creating waste
• Hazardous Waste poses serious health or environmental risks due to its chemical or infectious properties
• Leachate is contaminated liquid formed from decomposing waste
• Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) is a site for sorting, composting, and recycling waste
• Municipal Waste pertains to waste from homes, businesses, institutions, and streets
• Open Dump is unregulated waste disposal that violates environmental standards
• Opportunity to Recycle are programs encouraging waste separation and recycling
• Person(s) includes any natural or legal entity subject to environmental laws
• Post-Consumer Material refers to used materials separated for recycling, excluding factory waste
• Receptacles are containers for collecting and segregating recyclable materials
• Recovered Material is waste retrieved for recycling or repurposing
• Recyclable Material can be processed for reuse, such as paper, metals, glass, and oil
• Recycled Material is Post-consumer waste processed into new products
• Recycling is the process of converting waste into new usable materials
• Resource Conservation involves minimizing waste generation and maximizing resource recovery
• Resource Recovery : Extracting materials from waste for recycling or energy production
• Re-use means using materials again for the same or a different purpose without changing their form
• Sanitary Landfill is a properly engineered waste disposal site with environmental controls
• Schedule of Compliance is a legally binding timeline for meeting waste regulations
• Secretary refers to the Secretary of the DENR, responsible for environmental policies
• Segregation is sorting waste into categories to promote recycling
• Segregation at Source involves Sorting waste at the point of origin to reduce disposal volume
• Solid Waste includes discarded materials from homes, businesses, and industries, excluding hazardous waste, hospital waste, and mining waste
• Solid Waste Management includes the organized process of handling waste from generation to disposal
• Solid Waste Management Facility – A facility for waste collection, separation, processing, and disposal
• Source Reduction involves reducing waste before it is generated through product design and material use
• Source Separation involves sorting waste components at the point of generation
• Special Waste is household hazardous waste such as batteries, paints, thinners, and spray canisters
• Storage is temporary containment of waste before collection or disposal
• Transfer Station is a site for temporarily holding waste before transport to final disposal
• Waste Diversion– Activities that reduce or eliminate waste disposal in landfills or dumps
• White Goods: Large discarded household appliances like stoves, refrigerators, and washing machines
• Yard Waste: Organic waste from gardens and landscaping, including leaves, branches, and grass clippings

RA 7586 - National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992

• National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) is a framework for managing protected areas to sustain ecological processes, biodiversity, and natural conditions
• Protected Area : Specific land and water areas designated for conservation due to biological significance
• Buffer Zones refer to areas outside and adjacent to protected areas that require controlled development to prevent harm to protected ecosystems
• Indigenous Cultural Community are ethnic groups with shared language, traditions, and customs, historically occupying and using specific territories
• National Park refers to large forest reserves set aside for wilderness conservation, recreation, and protection of wildlife and historical objects
• Natural Monuments: Small areas protecting unique natural features of national importance
• Natural Biotic Area are designated regions allowing traditional societies to adapt gradually to modern technology while preserving their way of life
• Natural Park: Large, untouched areas protected for scientific, educational, and recreational purposes, prohibiting resource extraction
• Protected Landscapes/Seascapes are areas of national significance where humans and nature interact harmoniously, promoting tourism and recreation
• Resource Reserve: Remote, uninhabited areas preserved for future resource use, restricting activities that could harm their natural state
• Strict Nature Reserve are areas with exceptional ecosystems or species, kept in undisturbed conditions for scientific study and conservation
• Tenured Migrant Communities refers to communities that have lived in protected areas for at least five years before designation and rely on them for survival
• Wildlife Sanctuary: Protected habitats ensuring the survival of endangered species, biotic communities, and unique environmental features

RA 8749 - Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

• Air Pollutant is any harmful substance in the air excluding natural gases (oxygen, nitrogen, etc.), including smoke, dust, chemicals, fumes, and radiation
• Air Pollution is altering the air quality due to the presence of harmful substances, making it hazardous to health and the environment
• Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values: Standards for acceptable air quality levels
• Ambient Air Quality: The overall pollution level in a broad area, indicating atmospheric purity
• Certificate of Conformity is a certification from DENR ensuring a vehicle model meets air pollution control requirements
• Department refers to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
• Eco-Profile: A geographic-based assessment of an area's environmental quality and capacity for planners and decision-makers
• Emission: The release of air pollutants (gases, fumes, or noise) from a known source into the atmosphere
• Greenhouse Gases contribute to global warming
• Hazardous Substances are chemicals posing short-term acute hazards (toxicity, fire risk) or long-term effects (carcinogenicity, environmental pollution)
• Infectious Waste is a type of medical waste that can transmit infectious diseases
• Medical Waste is waste generated from medical treatment, diagnosis, and immunization of humans or animals
• Mobile Source refers to a moving vehicle that emits pollutants from fuel combustion
• Motor Vehicle is any gasoline/diesel-powered vehicle used for transportation on public roads
• Municipal Waste is waste generated by communities within a specific area
• New Vehicle is a vehicle made entirely from new parts, never registered or used
• Octane Rating (Anti-Knock Index - AKI) is a measure of gasoline's resistance to knocking
• Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) are chemicals that damage the ozone layer, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons
• Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are toxic compounds that accumulate in the environment, including dioxins, furans, PCBs, and pesticides like DDT
• Poisonous and Toxic Fumes: Emissions exceeding internationally accepted air quality standards, including WHO guidelines
• Pollution Control Device includes equipment designed to reduce, prevent, or control air pollution from emission sources
• Pollution Control Technology: Processes or systems that prevent or reduce air pollution from industrial or combustion activities
• Standard of Performance: Emission limits set for industries based on best available pollution control methods, considering cost and environmental impact
• Stationary Source: Fixed structures like buildings or factories that emit air pollutants