51 Questions
Elastic arteries aka conducting arteries , assist with propulsion through circulatory system because they have more elasticity!
True
Muscular arteries aka distributing arteries have a thick tunica media and LIE PROXIMAL
False
Match
Muscular arteries = Distributing (distal to elastic arteries) Elastic arteries = Conducting (largest : aorta and major branches) Arterioles = Smallest arteries Vasa vasorum = Capillaries that feed arteries
How does the Sympathetic NS direct blood flow from stomach to muscles
Through the process of messaging, receptors are instructed to make vascular shunt metarterioles to thoroughfare channel, while pre capillary sphincters close.
Positive Function of circle of willis
Should you get a clot on one location, blood can bypass to brain via other direction
Function of hepatic portal vein
Liver gets first pass of all nutrients and toxins absorbed ( arteries first capillary bed of digestive system)stomach capillaries go a to hepatic portal vein to secondary capillary bed at liver sinusoid , hepatocytes work remove waste and nutrients.
3 branches of aorta
Branchiocephalic trunk Left common carotid Left subclavian arteries
What vein divides two sections of brain?
Superior sagital sinus
When you see common, what is that indicative of?
Internal and external arteries or veins
Take a break, identify locations of Median cubical, basilic, cepahlic and brachial veins of arm
Good job
External iliac veins turns into
Femoral and great saphenous veins
Explain the relationship between flow pressure
Blood flow is directly proportional to blood pressure differences
3 resistance factors
Viscosity-(hematocrit &plasma) Length-blood vessels (longer =more resistance) Radius- wider vessel, lower resistance
(Resistance is inversely proportional to radius) Resistance = viscosity x length / radius
If the radius is doubled the new resistance is ____
1/16 the original, the inverse is true as well If radius is halved , new resistance is 16 times the original
Flow and velocity are directly proportional to?
Diameter (think traffic, more lanes =less traffic)
Match
Arteries = Thicker walls Veins = Larger lumens Arteries = Narrow lumens Veins = Have valves
Capillaries composed only of basal lamina and endothelium
True
Explain difference and physiological differences of arteries and veins
Arteries have thicker walls to withstand pressure Arteries are more elastic to expand and recoil and propel blood moving forward Veins have larger lumens to reduce resistance Veins have thinner walls to allow compliance (stretching) Veins have one way valves to ensure blood moves to heart.
Arteries have tunica media (smooth muscle) To do constricting and dialating
True
Greatest drop in pressure occurs in arterioles
True
______ peak pressure exerted by ejected blood against walls during cardiac systole
_______ is the minimum pressure in the arteries when blood is draining off into vessels downstream
Lapaces law
Force acting on the blood vessel is proportional to the diameter of the vessel, times blood pressure
Explain how to take bp
Cuff is inflated passed the point where sounds can be heard. Slowly deflated until systolic bp can be measured through audible sound returning, when the last sound is heard this is the diastolic pressure . We are hearing the sound of the pressure exerted on the brachial artery… not heart
MAP = diastolic pressure + ⅓ pulse pressure pulse pressure= Systolic - Diastolic if your patient has 160 mmHg systolic & 100 mmHg diastolic, what is their MAP?
120 mmHg
what two forms of veins assist with venous function?
Large lumens= little resistance valves = prevent backflow.
Venous system has Large compliance and acts as a blood reservoir about______ is in veins
what are 2 pumps aiding venous return
skeletal muscle contractions , respiratory pump
during diffusion at capillary beds ______ is to big to leave
palsma proteins
water moves from low concentration to high concentration. With regard to capillaries what is this called?
colloid osmotic pressure
regulation of blood flow
intrinsic = auto regulation, flow proportional to need. extrinsic = nervous and hormonal hormonal control = sympathetic stimulation of adrenal medullla to release EPI/NOREPI Nervous system = route blood flow and maintain pressure
Mediators of vasoconstriction and vasodilation
endothelin-I = vasoconstrict cold = vasoconstrict adenosine = Vasodilation Nictric Oxide (NO) = Vasodilation
Is it true? Myogenic control mechanism: ^ pressure= ^ stretch= Vasoconstriction v Pressure= v stretch = Vasodilation
True
Baroreceptor reflex control
- Baroreceptors in carotid aortic bodies detect changes in BP.
- Impulses are conducted to cardio regulatory and vasomotor control centers in medulla oblongata via Glossopharyngeal (IX) and Vagus (X) Nerves
- ^ BP will cause parasympathetic stimulation of heart, which decrease HR
- ^ BP will cause decrease sympathetic stimulation of hear, which decreases HR.
- ^ BP will cause vasomotor center to decrease sympathetic stimulation to BV, causing vasodilation. in short what Fbl does this represent (NFbl or PFbl) what is being adjusted and why?
Negative feedback, adjusting HR, SV and vasoconstriction allows correction of hyper- or hypotension
what post ganglionic neuro transmitter in sympathic NS is released , what is it?
Norepi.
what receptor of the sympathetic system is on the heart that binds to NorEPI?
Beta 1 NR
What Neurotransmitter at the post sympathetic ganlion release? what does it bind to?
Acetylcholine slows the heart rate by activating the M2 muscarinic receptor (M2R) that, in turn, opens the acetylcholine-activated potassium channel (IK,ACh) to slow the firing of the sinus node
Describe Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) draw it out .
----kidneys detect------decrease in BP + decrease in Blood volume ----kidneys release-----renin ----Renin converts------angiotensinogen into angiotensinogen 1 ----ACE(circulatory enzymes secreted from Lungs endothelium)---- converts Angiotensin 1 into Angiotensin 2 ---Angiotensin 2---- causes vasoconstriction (peripheral resistance) =increase BP Aldosterone release (adrenal cortex)= ^ Na+ & H20 retention= ^ Blood vol.
ADH (VASOPRESSION) Mechanism describe? and draw
Baroreceptors detect decrease in BP __ __Osmooreceptos detetect increase in osmotic pressure( high solute concentration) hypothalmus
-----------thirst/ drinking (^ blood volume, decrease osmotic pressure)
-----------posterior pituitary releases ADH _________blood vessels vasoconstrict= ^ TPR +^ BP -----------kidneys increase H2o absorption= ^ Blood vol. and decrease osmotic pressure
ATRIAL stretch releases???
ANP is released in atria after stretch from too much venous return. antagonistic to aldosterone and angiotensin 2. -ANP promotes Na+ & H20 excretions in the urine by kidneys -promotes vasodilation, lowering TPR
ANP CANCELS OUT which hormones?
RENIN, ADH, ALDOSTERONE
cerebral blood flow is almost exclusively filled by ______________mechanisms
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) (IS or IS NOT) influenced by sympathetic nerve activity
BLOOD CELLs
45% , 5 million/µL = Erythrocyte (RBC) <1% , 150,000-400,000/µL = Thrombocyte <1% , 5,000-10,000/µL = Leukocyte 55% = Plasma
Types of leukocytes WBC %
Neutrophils = 60-70%, Lymphocytes = 20-25% Monocytes = 3-8% Eosinophils = 2-4%
Basophils are 0.5-1% of WBC's and are a elevated in the blood stream in response to allergy reaction or hypothyroid
True
AMOUNTS
Norm RBC = 5 million /UL Platlets (thorombocytes) = 150,000-400,000 /UL WBC = 5,000-10,000/UL Ratio = 700RBC/40PLAT/1WBC
Formation of Hemoglobin (Hb) dependent upon which vitamin__________
IN RBC, you have ___Globin (polypeptides) ___heme groups , where 02 attaches iron
match
Monocyte (LARGEST WBC) = machrophage Eosinophils = ALLERGIN, PARASITES Basophil = histamine secretion thrombocyte = clotting (cell fragment of megakaryocyte)
Where are blood cells from originally?
bone marrow
Test your knowledge of anatomy and physiology with questions about elastic arteries, muscular arteries, the sympathetic nervous system, the function of the circle of Willis, and the function of the hepatic portal vein.
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