Unit 2
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Questions and Answers

Elastic arteries aka conducting arteries , assist with propulsion through circulatory system because they have more elasticity!

True

Muscular arteries aka distributing arteries have a thick tunica media and LIE PROXIMAL

False

Match

Muscular arteries = Distributing (distal to elastic arteries) Elastic arteries = Conducting (largest : aorta and major branches) Arterioles = Smallest arteries Vasa vasorum = Capillaries that feed arteries

How does the Sympathetic NS direct blood flow from stomach to muscles

<p>Through the process of messaging, receptors are instructed to make vascular shunt metarterioles to thoroughfare channel, while pre capillary sphincters close.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive Function of circle of willis

<p>Should you get a clot on one location, blood can bypass to brain via other direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Function of hepatic portal vein

<p>Liver gets first pass of all nutrients and toxins absorbed ( arteries first capillary bed of digestive system)stomach capillaries go a to hepatic portal vein to secondary capillary bed at liver sinusoid , hepatocytes work remove waste and nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

3 branches of aorta

<p>Branchiocephalic trunk Left common carotid Left subclavian arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What vein divides two sections of brain?

<p>Superior sagital sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you see common, what is that indicative of?

<p>Internal and external arteries or veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Take a break, identify locations of Median cubical, basilic, cepahlic and brachial veins of arm

<p>Good job</p> Signup and view all the answers

External iliac veins turns into

<p>Femoral and great saphenous veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between flow pressure

<p>Blood flow is directly proportional to blood pressure differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

3 resistance factors

<p>Viscosity-(hematocrit &amp;plasma) Length-blood vessels (longer =more resistance) Radius- wider vessel, lower resistance</p> <p>(Resistance is inversely proportional to radius) Resistance = viscosity x length / radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the radius is doubled the new resistance is ____

<p>1/16 the original, the inverse is true as well If radius is halved , new resistance is 16 times the original</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flow and velocity are directly proportional to?

<p>Diameter (think traffic, more lanes =less traffic)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match

<p>Arteries = Thicker walls Veins = Larger lumens Arteries = Narrow lumens Veins = Have valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capillaries composed only of basal lamina and endothelium

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain difference and physiological differences of arteries and veins

<p>Arteries have thicker walls to withstand pressure Arteries are more elastic to expand and recoil and propel blood moving forward Veins have larger lumens to reduce resistance Veins have thinner walls to allow compliance (stretching) Veins have one way valves to ensure blood moves to heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Arteries have tunica media (smooth muscle) To do constricting and dialating

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Greatest drop in pressure occurs in arterioles

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ peak pressure exerted by ejected blood against walls during cardiac systole

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_______ is the minimum pressure in the arteries when blood is draining off into vessels downstream

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Lapaces law

<p>Force acting on the blood vessel is proportional to the diameter of the vessel, times blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how to take bp

<p>Cuff is inflated passed the point where sounds can be heard. Slowly deflated until systolic bp can be measured through audible sound returning, when the last sound is heard this is the diastolic pressure . We are hearing the sound of the pressure exerted on the brachial artery… not heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

MAP = diastolic pressure + ⅓ pulse pressure pulse pressure= Systolic - Diastolic if your patient has 160 mmHg systolic & 100 mmHg diastolic, what is their MAP?

<p>120 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

what two forms of veins assist with venous function?

<p>Large lumens= little resistance valves = prevent backflow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Venous system has Large compliance and acts as a blood reservoir about______ is in veins

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what are 2 pumps aiding venous return

<p>skeletal muscle contractions , respiratory pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

during diffusion at capillary beds ______ is to big to leave

<p>palsma proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

water moves from low concentration to high concentration. With regard to capillaries what is this called?

<p>colloid osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

regulation of blood flow

<p>intrinsic = auto regulation, flow proportional to need. extrinsic = nervous and hormonal hormonal control = sympathetic stimulation of adrenal medullla to release EPI/NOREPI Nervous system = route blood flow and maintain pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mediators of vasoconstriction and vasodilation

<p>endothelin-I = vasoconstrict cold = vasoconstrict adenosine = Vasodilation Nictric Oxide (NO) = Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it true? Myogenic control mechanism: ^ pressure= ^ stretch= Vasoconstriction v Pressure= v stretch = Vasodilation

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Baroreceptor reflex control

  1. Baroreceptors in carotid aortic bodies detect changes in BP.
  2. Impulses are conducted to cardio regulatory and vasomotor control centers in medulla oblongata via Glossopharyngeal (IX) and Vagus (X) Nerves
  3. ^ BP will cause parasympathetic stimulation of heart, which decrease HR
  4. ^ BP will cause decrease sympathetic stimulation of hear, which decreases HR.
  5. ^ BP will cause vasomotor center to decrease sympathetic stimulation to BV, causing vasodilation. in short what Fbl does this represent (NFbl or PFbl) what is being adjusted and why?

<p>Negative feedback, adjusting HR, SV and vasoconstriction allows correction of hyper- or hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

what post ganglionic neuro transmitter in sympathic NS is released , what is it?

<p>Norepi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what receptor of the sympathetic system is on the heart that binds to NorEPI?

<p>Beta 1 NR</p> Signup and view all the answers

What Neurotransmitter at the post sympathetic ganlion release? what does it bind to?

<p>Acetylcholine slows the heart rate by activating the M2 muscarinic receptor (M2R) that, in turn, opens the acetylcholine-activated potassium channel (IK,ACh) to slow the firing of the sinus node</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) draw it out .

<p>----kidneys detect------decrease in BP + decrease in Blood volume ----kidneys release-----renin ----Renin converts------angiotensinogen into angiotensinogen 1 ----ACE(circulatory enzymes secreted from Lungs endothelium)---- converts Angiotensin 1 into Angiotensin 2 ---Angiotensin 2---- causes vasoconstriction (peripheral resistance) =increase BP Aldosterone release (adrenal cortex)= ^ Na+ &amp; H20 retention= ^ Blood vol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

ADH (VASOPRESSION) Mechanism describe? and draw

<p>Baroreceptors detect decrease in BP __ __Osmooreceptos detetect increase in osmotic pressure( high solute concentration) hypothalmus</p> <p>-----------thirst/ drinking (^ blood volume, decrease osmotic pressure)</p> <p>-----------posterior pituitary releases ADH _________blood vessels vasoconstrict= ^ TPR +^ BP -----------kidneys increase H2o absorption= ^ Blood vol. and decrease osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

ATRIAL stretch releases???

<p>ANP is released in atria after stretch from too much venous return. antagonistic to aldosterone and angiotensin 2. -ANP promotes Na+ &amp; H20 excretions in the urine by kidneys -promotes vasodilation, lowering TPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

ANP CANCELS OUT which hormones?

<p>RENIN, ADH, ALDOSTERONE</p> Signup and view all the answers

cerebral blood flow is almost exclusively filled by ______________mechanisms

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Cerebral blood flow (CBF) (IS or IS NOT) influenced by sympathetic nerve activity

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BLOOD CELLs

<p>45% , 5 million/µL = Erythrocyte (RBC) &lt;1% , 150,000-400,000/µL = Thrombocyte &lt;1% , 5,000-10,000/µL = Leukocyte 55% = Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Types of leukocytes WBC %

<p>Neutrophils = 60-70%, Lymphocytes = 20-25% Monocytes = 3-8% Eosinophils = 2-4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Basophils are 0.5-1% of WBC's and are a elevated in the blood stream in response to allergy reaction or hypothyroid

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

AMOUNTS

<p>Norm RBC = 5 million /UL Platlets (thorombocytes) = 150,000-400,000 /UL WBC = 5,000-10,000/UL Ratio = 700RBC/40PLAT/1WBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

Formation of Hemoglobin (Hb) dependent upon which vitamin__________

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IN RBC, you have ___Globin (polypeptides) ___heme groups , where 02 attaches iron

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match

<p>Monocyte (LARGEST WBC) = machrophage Eosinophils = ALLERGIN, PARASITES Basophil = histamine secretion thrombocyte = clotting (cell fragment of megakaryocyte)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are blood cells from originally?

<p>bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

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