REVISED Microbiology Exam #2 Review

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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the disease that is caused by a cat scratch?

  • Condyloma latum
  • Naegleria fowleri
  • Bartonella henselae (correct)
  • Borrelia burgdorferi

What disease is characterized by lymphadenopathy, a low-grade fever, and malaise?

  • Condyloma latum
  • Borrelia burgdorferi
  • Naegleria fowleri
  • Bartonella henselae (correct)

What is another name for Coxiella burnetii?

  • Q fever (correct)
  • Condyloma latum
  • Cardiovascular syphilis
  • Erythema chronicum

What is antigenic variation?

<p>The ability of infectious organisms to alter the immunogenic epitopes exposed to the immune system of their host, thus avoiding the antibody response and establishing a persistent infection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tick that causes Borrelia burgdorferi?

<p>Ixodes tick (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leptospira is transmitted through which of the following sources?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are protozoa eukaryotic or prokaryotic, and are they unicellular or multicellular?

<p>Eukaryotic and unicellular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what form does protozoa enter the body?

<p>Cysts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What form does a protozoa convert to during its life cycle?

<p>Trophozoite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Entamoeba histolytica are true? (Select all that apply)

<p>It can cause bloody diarrhea and liver abscesses. (A), It is commonly asymptomatic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are pseudopods?

<p>Extensions of the cytoplasm that help in movement and food engulfing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options are associated with Giardia lamblia infection? (Select all that apply)

<p>Foul smelling fatty stools (B), Contaminated drinking water (C), Interference with fat absorption (A), Commonly found among campers and in Mexico (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cryptosporidium is most commonly associated with which group of patients?

<p>Patients with AIDS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of abdominal pain and diarrhea outbreaks in daycare centers associated with contaminated water?

<p>Cryptosporidium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is associated with symptoms of Trichomonas vaginalis? (Select all that apply)

<p>Asymptomatic in men (C), Dysuria and green malodorous discharge in women (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describe Naegleria fowleri?

<p>It can kill healthy patients within a week. (B), It penetrates the nasal mucosa. (A), It is commonly found in dirty fresh water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are possible causes of Acanthamoeba keratitis? (Select all that apply)

<p>Dirty fresh water (C), Blindness in dirty contact lenses (A), Wearing contact lenses in a hot tub (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Toxoplasma gondii commonly found, and who does it affect?

<p>In litter boxes, affecting pregnant women (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease does Pneumocystis carinii cause, and who does it affect?

<p>Pneumonia, primarily affects people with AIDS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is malaria most prevalent? (Select all that apply)

<p>India (C), Africa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is malaria transmitted?

<p>By mosquito bites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of malaria is the worst?

<p>Plasmodium falciparum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is associated with malaria?

<p>Cyclic fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is protected from malaria due to sickle cell trait?

<p>Individuals with sickle cell trait (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease can splenic patients not get rid of?

<p>Babesiosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Babesiosis caused by tick bites is correct?

<p>It affects human red blood cells and can lead to anemia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the Reduviid bug and Chagas disease?

<p>Chagas disease is caused by a parasitic infection from the Reduviid bug. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for fungi to be dimorphic?

<p>They can grow as either yeast or mold, depending on temperature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fungal infection is caused by Malassezia furfur?

<p>Pityriasis versicolor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following looks like spaghetti and meatballs?

<p>Malassezia furfur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes red lesions on the scalp?

<p>Tinea capitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is known to be ringworm of the body?

<p>Tinea corporis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is known to be jock itch?

<p>Tinea cruris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is known to be athlete's foot?

<p>Tinea pedis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is known to cause thickening of the nails?

<p>Tinea unguium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can be caused by Candida albicans? (Select all that apply)

<p>Oral thrush (A), Diaper rash (B), Candida vaginitis (C), Esophagitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who does Candida albicans primarily affect? (Select all that apply)

<p>Cancer patients (A), HIV patients (B), Babies (C), Pregnant women (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is known as the rose gardener's disease?

<p>Sporothrix schenckii (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of droppings are associated with Histoplasma capsulatum?

<p>Non-encapsulated bird and bat droppings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are cave explorers likely to catch?

<p>Histoplasma capsulatum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are three systemic fungal infections?

<p>Histoplasma (A), Blastomyces (B), Coccidioides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal infection is the hardest to get?

<p>Blastomyces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Coccidioides prevalent, and who does it mainly affect?

<p>Arizona, AIDS patients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stain is used for Cryptococcus?

<p>India ink stain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fungal infection is associated with pigeon droppings?

<p>Cryptococcus neoformans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mucormycosis is most commonly found in which group of individuals?

<p>Diabetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria act like fungi? (Select all that apply)

<p>Nocardia (B), Actinomyces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Actinomyces and Nocardia are categorized as which type of bacteria?

<p>Gram positive rods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stain used for mycobacteria?

<p>Acid-fast stain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms are commonly associated with mycobacterium tuberculosis? (Select all that apply)

<p>Hemoptysis (A), Night sweats (B), Weight loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism cannot be grown on artificial media?

<p>Mycobacterium leprae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with lepromatous leprosy? (Select all that apply)

<p>Lion facies (A), Saddle nose (B), Infertility (C), Blindness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about Mycoplasma?

<p>Mycoplasma lack a cell wall. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do fungi lack?

<p>Chlorophyll (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bacterium is commonly associated with dysuria and urethritis, and does not have a cell wall?

<p>Ureaplasma urealyticum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes Coxiella burnetii and its associated conditions?

<p>Coxiella burnetii is linked to contaminated milk and can cause granulomatous hepatitis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of walking pneumonia in teenagers characterized by a dry cough?

<p>Mycoplasma pneumoniae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has flagella?

<p>Trichomonas vaginalis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientific name of the bacterium that causes syphilis?

<p>Treponema pallidum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is syphilis gram-positive or gram-negative?

<p>Gram-negative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is syphilis transmitted?

<p>Through sexual contact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of syphilis is characterized by painless chancres?

<p>Primary syphilis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of syphilis is characterized by condyloma latum and a rash on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands?

<p>Secondary syphilis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of syphilis is characterized by gummatous syphilis, cardiovascular syphilis, and neurosyphilis?

<p>Tertiary syphilis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease is characterized by saber shins, a saddle nose, Hutchinson's teeth, and mulberry molars?

<p>Congenital syphilis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the bacterial name for Lyme disease?

<p>Borrelia burgdorferi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by erythema chronicum, migraines, and a bull's eye rash?

<p>Borrelia burgdorferi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cat scratch disease

Disease caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae, often from cat scratches.

Q fever

A disease caused by Coxiella burnetii bacteria.

Antigenic variation

The ability of pathogens to change surface antigens to evade the host's immune response.

Ixodes tick

A tick of the genus Ixodes, known for transmitting Borrelia burgdorferi.

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Protozoa characteristics

Protozoa are eukaryotic, unicellular microorganisms.

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Protozoan cysts

Dormant, infective form of protozoa that allows survival in harsh conditions.

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Trophozoite form

Active, feeding, and reproducing form of protozoa within a host.

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Pseudopods

Extensions of cytoplasm used by some protozoa for movement and engulfing food.

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Giardia lamblia

A protozoan parasite that causes diarrheal illness, often associated with foul-smelling, fatty stools (steatorrhea).

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Cryptosporidium

Protozoan parasite that commonly affects immunocompromised individuals, causing diarrheal illness.

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Trichomonas vaginalis

A flagellated protozoan parasite that causes a sexually transmitted infection; often asymptomatic in men.

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Naegleria fowleri

A free-living amoeba that can cause a rare but severe brain infection (primary amebic meningoencephalitis).

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Acanthamoeba keratitis

A free-living amoeba that can cause keratitis (corneal infection), especially associated with contact lens use and exposure to contaminated water.

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Toxoplasma gondii

A parasitic protozoan commonly found in cat feces, which can cause congenital infections in pregnant women.

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Pneumocystis carinii (Pneumocystis jirovecii)

Fungus that causes pneumonia, especially in immunocompromised individuals (e.g., AIDS patients).

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Malaria transmission

A parasitic disease transmitted by mosquito bites, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions.

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Plasmodium falciparum

The most severe form of malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum.

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Sickle cell trait

Individuals with sickle cell trait are protected from malaria.

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Babesiosis

A parasitic disease caused by Babesia parasites, transmitted by tick bites, leading to red blood cell infection and anemia.

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Chagas disease

A parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted by the Reduviid bug (

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Dimorphic fungi

Having the ability to grow as either yeast or mold depending on environmental conditions, especially temperature.

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Pityriasis versicolor

A fungal infection caused by Malassezia furfur, leading to hypopigmented or hyperpigmented patches on the skin.

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Tinea capitis

Fungal infection of the scalp, often causing red, scaly lesions and hair loss.

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Tinea corporis

Fungal infection of the body, causing circular, raised, scaly patches resembling rings.

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Tinea cruris

Fungal infection of the groin area, causing itching and redness.

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Tinea pedis

Fungal infection of the feet, often between the toes, causing itching, burning, and scaling.

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Tinea unguium

Fungal infection of the nails, leading to thickening, discoloration, and brittleness.

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Candida albicans

A yeast that can cause various infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals, such as oral thrush, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and invasive candidiasis.

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Sporothrix schenckii

A fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii, often introduced through skin trauma, such as rose thorns.

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Histoplasma capsulatum

A dimorphic fungus associated with bird and bat droppings, causing respiratory infections.

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