Revised Corporation Code: Titles VIII, IX & X
45 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Who is allowed to inspect corporate records?

  • Only stockholders and members of the corporation (correct)
  • Competitors of the corporation
  • Any interested party
  • Any employee of the corporation
  • What is required for a director or stockholder to obtain copies of corporate records?

  • Email request with justification
  • Written demand at their expense (correct)
  • Verbal request at a meeting
  • Request through the stockholder's representative only
  • What happens if a stockholder abuses their rights under this section?

  • They will lose their stockholder status
  • There are no consequences for abuse
  • They will be given a warning
  • They will be penalized under Section 158 of the Code (correct)
  • Which of the following parties does NOT have the right to inspect corporate records?

    <p>A competitor of the corporation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law addresses the penalties for abuse of rights regarding corporate record inspection?

    <p>The Securities Regulation Code (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence for an officer or agent of the corporation who refuses inspection of records?

    <p>They will be liable for damages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is held liable if the refusal of record inspection is based on a board's resolution?

    <p>The director or trustee who voted for the refusal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a valid defense against an action for refusing record inspection?

    <p>The requester has previously misused information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action can an aggrieved party take if their demand for inspection is denied?

    <p>They can report to the Commission. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the stock and transfer book contain?

    <p>Records of all stockholders' names alphabetically arranged. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the stock and transfer book be kept?

    <p>In the principal office or stock transfer agent's office. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does the Commission have to conduct an investigation after a report is received?

    <p>Five days. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a position that can be refused inspection based on conflict of interest?

    <p>A stockholder acting in good faith. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should every corporation keep and preserve at its principal office?

    <p>Information relating to the corporation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document is NOT required to be preserved by a corporation according to the revised code?

    <p>Customer complaint records (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of records must be included in the corporate books with regards to meetings?

    <p>Minutes of all meetings of stockholders or members (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information about the board of directors must be maintained?

    <p>Names and addresses of all members (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be noted in the minutes of meetings upon demand?

    <p>The time when a director arrived or left (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following records is required to be kept by a corporation?

    <p>Records of all business transactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required regarding the resolutions of the board of directors?

    <p>They must be preserved in detailed records (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What details must be included in the minutes of meetings?

    <p>The time and place of the meeting held (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be included in the articles of merger or consolidation?

    <p>The plan of the merger or consolidation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document must be submitted to the Commission for approval after a merger or consolidation?

    <p>The articles of merger or consolidation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required if a merger involves special corporations like banks or insurance companies?

    <p>A favorable recommendation from the appropriate government agency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long before a hearing should notice be given to each constituent corporation?

    <p>Two weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the Commission believes a proposed merger is inconsistent with existing laws?

    <p>A hearing is set for the corporations to be heard (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be certified in the articles of merger regarding each corporation?

    <p>The number of shares or members voting for or against the plan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome after the Commission reviews the merger articles?

    <p>Issuance of a certificate approving the merger (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which information about the assets and liabilities of the companies must be included in the merger articles?

    <p>The carrying amounts and fair values as of the agreed cut-off date (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When shall the corporation pay the appraisers' award?

    <p>Within thirty (30) days after the award is made (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be true for a dissenting stockholder to receive payment?

    <p>The corporation must have unrestricted retained earnings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What date is used to determine the fair value of the shares?

    <p>The day prior to the vote on the corporate action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the rights of a stockholder who demands payment for their shares?

    <p>Their voting and dividend rights are suspended (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if a dissenting stockholder is not paid within thirty (30) days after the award?

    <p>Voting and dividend rights are restored (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the rights of a dissenting stockholder affected if the corporate action is abandoned?

    <p>Their rights are permanently restored (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a dissenting stockholder retain while waiting for payment of fair value?

    <p>Voting rights and rights to dividends (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens upon payment of the agreed or awarded price for shares?

    <p>All rights of the stockholder are terminated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition can a dissenting stockholder withdraw their demand for payment?

    <p>If the proposed corporate action is abandoned. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for bearing the costs of appraisal when the fair value is similar to the offered price?

    <p>The stockholder if they refuse the offered price. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the stockholder's status if their right to be paid ceases?

    <p>Their status as a stockholder is restored. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation is the corporation liable for appraisal costs?

    <p>If the appraiser's assessment drastically differs from the offered price. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if the SEC determines that a stockholder is not entitled to the appraisal right?

    <p>The stockholder's demand for payment ceases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT allow a dissenting stockholder to withdraw a demand for payment?

    <p>The stockholder receives a better offer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When will the stockholder bear the appraisal costs?

    <p>If the refusal of payment is unjustified according to the court. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must occur for a demand for payment to be withdrawn with the corporation's consent?

    <p>The corporation must officially approve the withdrawal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Corporate Books and Records

    Corporations must maintain detailed records of their operations, ownership, and governance, including articles of incorporation, bylaws, ownership structures, director/officer information, meeting minutes, and transaction history.

    Articles of Incorporation & Bylaws

    Legal documents outlining the corporation's formation, structure, and operating rules.

    Ownership Structure

    Details of who owns the corporation, including stockholders, members, and their voting rights.

    Director/Officer Information

    Names and contact information of the governing body (directors) and senior executives (officers).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Meeting Minutes

    Detailed records of meetings of shareholders, members, and directors, including time, attendance, agenda, decisions made, and dissenting opinions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Business Transactions Record

    Documentation of all financial and operational activities of the corporation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Reportorial Requirements

    Specific reports required by government agencies regarding the corporation's operations.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Stock Transfer Agent

    An agent who manages the process of transferring ownership of shares.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Corporate Record Inspection

    Stockholders, members, directors, and trustees have the right to inspect corporate records during business hours.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Limited Inspection Rights

    Non-stockholders, competitors, or those representing competitors do not have the right to inspect corporate records.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Demand for Copies

    A director, trustee, or stockholder can request copies of records or excerpts at their expense.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Abuse of Rights

    Stockholders abusing inspection rights are penalized under Section 158 of the Code.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Reasonable Hours

    Inspection must happen at reasonable hours on business days.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Merger Agreement

    A formal plan outlining the terms of a merger between two or more corporations, including details of ownership, assets and liabilities, and voting rights.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Articles of Merger

    A legal document signed by the involved corporations that officially details the merger process, including the merger plan, stock information, and accounting methods.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cut-off Date

    The specific date used for determining the value of assets and liabilities of the corporations being merged.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Pro Forma Values

    The projected financial figures of the merged entity, using the agreed accounting method.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Commission Approval

    The process of obtaining authorization from the government agency responsible for corporate mergers and acquisitions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Special Corporations

    Corporations regulated by specific laws, such as banks, insurance companies, and public utilities.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hearing Process

    A formal meeting held by the Commission to investigate and review the proposed merger to ensure it complies with regulations.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Effective Merger

    The point in time when the merger legally takes effect, after receiving Commission approval.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Who can inspect corporate records?

    Directors, trustees, stockholders, or members of a corporation have the right to inspect and/or reproduce its records.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What if a corporation refuses to allow inspection?

    An officer or agent who refuses inspection can be held liable for damages and faces criminal charges. If the board of directors voted for the refusal, they are liable.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What are the exceptions to the right to inspect?

    A shareholder may be denied access if they misuses prior information, acted in bad faith, or are a competitor.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Who investigates denied inspection requests?

    If a corporation denies inspection, the aggrieved party can report it to the Commission, which conducts a summary investigation and orders the inspection.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is a stock and transfer book?

    A book containing records of stock ownership, including stockholders' names, their holdings, payments made, and transfers of shares.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Where is the stock and transfer book kept?

    The book is kept at the corporation's principal office or the office of its stock transfer agent.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Who can inspect the stock and transfer book?

    Directors and stockholders of the corporation have the right to inspect the book during business hours.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is the purpose of the stock and transfer book?

    It provides transparency and accurate records of stock ownership, aiding in understanding the company's structure and shareholder rights.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dissenting Stockholder Rights

    A stockholder who opposes a corporate action, such as a merger or sale, and thus exercises the right to be bought out at fair value.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Appraiser's Role

    Independent appraisers determine the fair value of dissenting stockholders' shares, ensuring a fair price is paid.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Valuation Date

    The day before the vote on the corporate action, excluding any market fluctuations caused by the action itself.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Payment Timeline

    The corporation has 30 days to pay the dissenting stockholder after the award is made.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Voting Rights Suspension

    From the time of demand for payment until the corporate action is either abandoned or shares are bought, the dissenting stockholder's voting rights are suspended.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dividend Rights Suspension

    Similar to voting rights, dividend rights are also suspended until either the corporate action is abandoned or shares are bought.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Restoration of Rights

    If the corporation fails to pay within 30 days, the dissenting shareholder's voting and dividend rights are immediately restored.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Termination of Rights

    Upon payment, all rights of the dissenting stockholder are terminated, not simply suspended.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dissenting Shareholder's Demand - Withdrawal

    A shareholder who demands payment for their shares due to a corporate action cannot withdraw their demand unless the corporation agrees.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Exceptions to Withdrawal

    A dissenting shareholder's demand can be revoked if the corporation consents, the proposed action is abandoned or disapproved by the SEC, or the shareholder isn't entitled to appraisal rights.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Who Pays Appraisal Costs - General Rule

    The corporation usually bears the costs of appraising a dissenting shareholder's shares.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    When Dissenting Shareholder Pays

    If the appraisal value is close to the offer price, or if the court finds their refusal to accept payment unjustified, the dissenting shareholder pays.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Corporation Pays Appraisal Costs - Scenario 1

    The corporation pays when their offer price is lower than the appraisal value.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Corporation Pays Appraisal Costs - Scenario 2

    The corporation pays if a court rules that the shareholder's refusal to accept payment was justified.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dissenting Shareholder Pays - Scenario 1

    The dissenting shareholder pays if the appraised value is roughly the same as the offered price.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dissenting Shareholder Pays - Scenario 2

    The shareholder also pays if the court finds their refusal to accept payment unjustified.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines (Titles VIII, IX, & X)

    • The Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines, Titles VIII, IX, and X, cover corporate books and records, merger and consolidation, and appraisal rights respectively.
    • These titles outline legal and procedural requirements for corporations.

    Title VIII: Corporate Books and Records

    • Section 73 details the corporate records a corporation must maintain and preserve and include articles of incorporation, bylaws, ownership structure, voting rights, stockholder/member lists, board/trustee/executive officers' names and addresses, reportorial requirements.
    • A corporation must maintain a record of all business transactions, resolutions of the board of directors and members, accurate meeting minutes, listing attendees and whether the meeting was regular or special. Stock transfer agents must follow these rules.
    • Corporate records must be accessible for inspection by directors, trustees, stockholders, or members, in person or by representative, during business hours. Written demands may be made to retrieve copies or excerpts
    • The requesting party must be a stockholder or member of record; competitor, director, officer, controlling stockholders or represent competitor interests, cannot request inspection. Abusing these rights leads to penalties under other relevant laws.

    Title IX: Merger and Consolidation

    • Merger: Two or more corporations unite, one retains its corporate existence absorbing or merging the other.
    • Consolidation: Two or more corporations unite to form a new corporate entity, dissolving the original ones.
    • Section 75: The plan of merger or consolidation, must be approved by the boards of directors and trustees. Includes names of corporations, terms of merger and consolidation proceedings.
    • Section 76: Plan of merger or consolidation requires majority vote from stockholders or members. Specific notice requirements similar to regular meetings must be followed. Majority representing 2/3rd of the outstanding stock or members is necessary for approval.
    • If the plan is abandoned, the right of appraisal is extinguished by the dissenters. Further amendments need the approval of the boards of directors or trustees of all corporations involved.

    Title X: Appraisal Rights

    • Section 80: Stockholders have the right to dissent and receive payment for the fair value of their shares when corporate action significantly alters their rights, including corporate re-organization, or disposal of all or part of the company properties.
    • Section 81: How the right of appraisal is executed. Dissenters must specifically demand payment within 30 days to maintain appraisal right.
    • Section 82: Effect of the demand for payment and termination of rights. Rights are suspended during the appraisal process, but can be restored in certain circumstances.
    • Section 83: When the right to payment ceases. Right may be terminated if the corporation consents, the corporate action is abandoned, the SEC disapproves, or the stockholder is not entitled to appraisal.
    • Section 84: Who bears the costs of appraisal: in general the corporation is responsible for the appraisal cost; however, if the appraised value is close to what the corporation originally offered the stockholder, then the dissenting stockholder is responsible for the appraisal cost.
    • Section 85: Notation on Certificates; Rights of Transferee. Stockholder demands payment and the certificates are noted as dissenting prior to transfer, then the transferee obtains all respective rights as a shareholder.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines focusing on Titles VIII, IX, and X. This quiz covers key concepts such as corporate books, merger procedures, and appraisal rights. Test your knowledge on the legal requirements for maintaining corporate records and their implications for directors and stockholders.

    More Like This

    Appraisal Right in the Philippines
    6 questions
    Philippines Corporation Law
    40 questions

    Philippines Corporation Law

    MultiPurposeSupernova avatar
    MultiPurposeSupernova
    Corporate Law Module 1 - General Provisions
    44 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser