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Questions and Answers
Who is allowed to inspect corporate records?
Who is allowed to inspect corporate records?
What is required for a director or stockholder to obtain copies of corporate records?
What is required for a director or stockholder to obtain copies of corporate records?
What happens if a stockholder abuses their rights under this section?
What happens if a stockholder abuses their rights under this section?
Which of the following parties does NOT have the right to inspect corporate records?
Which of the following parties does NOT have the right to inspect corporate records?
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Which law addresses the penalties for abuse of rights regarding corporate record inspection?
Which law addresses the penalties for abuse of rights regarding corporate record inspection?
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What is the consequence for an officer or agent of the corporation who refuses inspection of records?
What is the consequence for an officer or agent of the corporation who refuses inspection of records?
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Who is held liable if the refusal of record inspection is based on a board's resolution?
Who is held liable if the refusal of record inspection is based on a board's resolution?
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What is a valid defense against an action for refusing record inspection?
What is a valid defense against an action for refusing record inspection?
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What action can an aggrieved party take if their demand for inspection is denied?
What action can an aggrieved party take if their demand for inspection is denied?
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What must the stock and transfer book contain?
What must the stock and transfer book contain?
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Where should the stock and transfer book be kept?
Where should the stock and transfer book be kept?
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How long does the Commission have to conduct an investigation after a report is received?
How long does the Commission have to conduct an investigation after a report is received?
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Which of the following is NOT a position that can be refused inspection based on conflict of interest?
Which of the following is NOT a position that can be refused inspection based on conflict of interest?
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What should every corporation keep and preserve at its principal office?
What should every corporation keep and preserve at its principal office?
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Which document is NOT required to be preserved by a corporation according to the revised code?
Which document is NOT required to be preserved by a corporation according to the revised code?
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What type of records must be included in the corporate books with regards to meetings?
What type of records must be included in the corporate books with regards to meetings?
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What information about the board of directors must be maintained?
What information about the board of directors must be maintained?
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What should be noted in the minutes of meetings upon demand?
What should be noted in the minutes of meetings upon demand?
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Which of the following records is required to be kept by a corporation?
Which of the following records is required to be kept by a corporation?
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What is required regarding the resolutions of the board of directors?
What is required regarding the resolutions of the board of directors?
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What details must be included in the minutes of meetings?
What details must be included in the minutes of meetings?
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What must be included in the articles of merger or consolidation?
What must be included in the articles of merger or consolidation?
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Which document must be submitted to the Commission for approval after a merger or consolidation?
Which document must be submitted to the Commission for approval after a merger or consolidation?
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What is required if a merger involves special corporations like banks or insurance companies?
What is required if a merger involves special corporations like banks or insurance companies?
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How long before a hearing should notice be given to each constituent corporation?
How long before a hearing should notice be given to each constituent corporation?
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What happens if the Commission believes a proposed merger is inconsistent with existing laws?
What happens if the Commission believes a proposed merger is inconsistent with existing laws?
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What must be certified in the articles of merger regarding each corporation?
What must be certified in the articles of merger regarding each corporation?
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What is a potential outcome after the Commission reviews the merger articles?
What is a potential outcome after the Commission reviews the merger articles?
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Which information about the assets and liabilities of the companies must be included in the merger articles?
Which information about the assets and liabilities of the companies must be included in the merger articles?
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When shall the corporation pay the appraisers' award?
When shall the corporation pay the appraisers' award?
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What must be true for a dissenting stockholder to receive payment?
What must be true for a dissenting stockholder to receive payment?
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What date is used to determine the fair value of the shares?
What date is used to determine the fair value of the shares?
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What happens to the rights of a stockholder who demands payment for their shares?
What happens to the rights of a stockholder who demands payment for their shares?
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What occurs if a dissenting stockholder is not paid within thirty (30) days after the award?
What occurs if a dissenting stockholder is not paid within thirty (30) days after the award?
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How are the rights of a dissenting stockholder affected if the corporate action is abandoned?
How are the rights of a dissenting stockholder affected if the corporate action is abandoned?
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What does a dissenting stockholder retain while waiting for payment of fair value?
What does a dissenting stockholder retain while waiting for payment of fair value?
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What happens upon payment of the agreed or awarded price for shares?
What happens upon payment of the agreed or awarded price for shares?
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Under what condition can a dissenting stockholder withdraw their demand for payment?
Under what condition can a dissenting stockholder withdraw their demand for payment?
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Who is responsible for bearing the costs of appraisal when the fair value is similar to the offered price?
Who is responsible for bearing the costs of appraisal when the fair value is similar to the offered price?
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What happens to the stockholder's status if their right to be paid ceases?
What happens to the stockholder's status if their right to be paid ceases?
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In which situation is the corporation liable for appraisal costs?
In which situation is the corporation liable for appraisal costs?
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What occurs if the SEC determines that a stockholder is not entitled to the appraisal right?
What occurs if the SEC determines that a stockholder is not entitled to the appraisal right?
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Which factor does NOT allow a dissenting stockholder to withdraw a demand for payment?
Which factor does NOT allow a dissenting stockholder to withdraw a demand for payment?
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When will the stockholder bear the appraisal costs?
When will the stockholder bear the appraisal costs?
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What must occur for a demand for payment to be withdrawn with the corporation's consent?
What must occur for a demand for payment to be withdrawn with the corporation's consent?
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Flashcards
Corporate Books and Records
Corporate Books and Records
Corporations must maintain detailed records of their operations, ownership, and governance, including articles of incorporation, bylaws, ownership structures, director/officer information, meeting minutes, and transaction history.
Articles of Incorporation & Bylaws
Articles of Incorporation & Bylaws
Legal documents outlining the corporation's formation, structure, and operating rules.
Ownership Structure
Ownership Structure
Details of who owns the corporation, including stockholders, members, and their voting rights.
Director/Officer Information
Director/Officer Information
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Meeting Minutes
Meeting Minutes
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Business Transactions Record
Business Transactions Record
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Reportorial Requirements
Reportorial Requirements
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Stock Transfer Agent
Stock Transfer Agent
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Corporate Record Inspection
Corporate Record Inspection
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Limited Inspection Rights
Limited Inspection Rights
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Demand for Copies
Demand for Copies
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Abuse of Rights
Abuse of Rights
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Reasonable Hours
Reasonable Hours
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Merger Agreement
Merger Agreement
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Articles of Merger
Articles of Merger
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Cut-off Date
Cut-off Date
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Pro Forma Values
Pro Forma Values
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Commission Approval
Commission Approval
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Special Corporations
Special Corporations
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Hearing Process
Hearing Process
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Effective Merger
Effective Merger
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Who can inspect corporate records?
Who can inspect corporate records?
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What if a corporation refuses to allow inspection?
What if a corporation refuses to allow inspection?
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What are the exceptions to the right to inspect?
What are the exceptions to the right to inspect?
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Who investigates denied inspection requests?
Who investigates denied inspection requests?
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What is a stock and transfer book?
What is a stock and transfer book?
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Where is the stock and transfer book kept?
Where is the stock and transfer book kept?
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Who can inspect the stock and transfer book?
Who can inspect the stock and transfer book?
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What is the purpose of the stock and transfer book?
What is the purpose of the stock and transfer book?
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Dissenting Stockholder Rights
Dissenting Stockholder Rights
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Appraiser's Role
Appraiser's Role
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Valuation Date
Valuation Date
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Payment Timeline
Payment Timeline
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Voting Rights Suspension
Voting Rights Suspension
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Dividend Rights Suspension
Dividend Rights Suspension
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Restoration of Rights
Restoration of Rights
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Termination of Rights
Termination of Rights
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Dissenting Shareholder's Demand - Withdrawal
Dissenting Shareholder's Demand - Withdrawal
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Exceptions to Withdrawal
Exceptions to Withdrawal
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Who Pays Appraisal Costs - General Rule
Who Pays Appraisal Costs - General Rule
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When Dissenting Shareholder Pays
When Dissenting Shareholder Pays
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Corporation Pays Appraisal Costs - Scenario 1
Corporation Pays Appraisal Costs - Scenario 1
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Corporation Pays Appraisal Costs - Scenario 2
Corporation Pays Appraisal Costs - Scenario 2
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Dissenting Shareholder Pays - Scenario 1
Dissenting Shareholder Pays - Scenario 1
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Dissenting Shareholder Pays - Scenario 2
Dissenting Shareholder Pays - Scenario 2
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Study Notes
Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines (Titles VIII, IX, & X)
- The Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines, Titles VIII, IX, and X, cover corporate books and records, merger and consolidation, and appraisal rights respectively.
- These titles outline legal and procedural requirements for corporations.
Title VIII: Corporate Books and Records
- Section 73 details the corporate records a corporation must maintain and preserve and include articles of incorporation, bylaws, ownership structure, voting rights, stockholder/member lists, board/trustee/executive officers' names and addresses, reportorial requirements.
- A corporation must maintain a record of all business transactions, resolutions of the board of directors and members, accurate meeting minutes, listing attendees and whether the meeting was regular or special. Stock transfer agents must follow these rules.
- Corporate records must be accessible for inspection by directors, trustees, stockholders, or members, in person or by representative, during business hours. Written demands may be made to retrieve copies or excerpts
- The requesting party must be a stockholder or member of record; competitor, director, officer, controlling stockholders or represent competitor interests, cannot request inspection. Abusing these rights leads to penalties under other relevant laws.
Title IX: Merger and Consolidation
- Merger: Two or more corporations unite, one retains its corporate existence absorbing or merging the other.
- Consolidation: Two or more corporations unite to form a new corporate entity, dissolving the original ones.
- Section 75: The plan of merger or consolidation, must be approved by the boards of directors and trustees. Includes names of corporations, terms of merger and consolidation proceedings.
- Section 76: Plan of merger or consolidation requires majority vote from stockholders or members. Specific notice requirements similar to regular meetings must be followed. Majority representing 2/3rd of the outstanding stock or members is necessary for approval.
- If the plan is abandoned, the right of appraisal is extinguished by the dissenters. Further amendments need the approval of the boards of directors or trustees of all corporations involved.
Title X: Appraisal Rights
- Section 80: Stockholders have the right to dissent and receive payment for the fair value of their shares when corporate action significantly alters their rights, including corporate re-organization, or disposal of all or part of the company properties.
- Section 81: How the right of appraisal is executed. Dissenters must specifically demand payment within 30 days to maintain appraisal right.
- Section 82: Effect of the demand for payment and termination of rights. Rights are suspended during the appraisal process, but can be restored in certain circumstances.
- Section 83: When the right to payment ceases. Right may be terminated if the corporation consents, the corporate action is abandoned, the SEC disapproves, or the stockholder is not entitled to appraisal.
- Section 84: Who bears the costs of appraisal: in general the corporation is responsible for the appraisal cost; however, if the appraised value is close to what the corporation originally offered the stockholder, then the dissenting stockholder is responsible for the appraisal cost.
- Section 85: Notation on Certificates; Rights of Transferee. Stockholder demands payment and the certificates are noted as dissenting prior to transfer, then the transferee obtains all respective rights as a shareholder.
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Description
Explore the Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines focusing on Titles VIII, IX, and X. This quiz covers key concepts such as corporate books, merger procedures, and appraisal rights. Test your knowledge on the legal requirements for maintaining corporate records and their implications for directors and stockholders.