Carbohydrates & Sugar

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What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Storage of genetic information

Cell signaling

Main source of energy (correct)

Structural support

Which of the following correctly describes monosaccharides?

The simplest form of carbohydrates with one sugar unit (correct)

Carbohydrates that contain more than seven carbon atoms

Composed of multiple sugar units bonded together

Complex carbohydrates that can be broken down into smaller units

Based on the chemical composition of carbohydrates, what is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen?

1:2:1 (correct)

1:3:2

1:1:2

2:1:1

What characterizes a sugar as an aldose?

Has an aldehyde group Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sugar is considered blood sugar?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to carbohydrate chains on cell surfaces that help identify cells?

Cell markers Signup and view all the answers

What classification of carbohydrates includes glucose and galactose?

Monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the structure of carbohydrates in aqueous solution?

They are usually found in ring form Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary type of bond formed in amylopectin structure?

β bond Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of plant starch is comprised of amylose?

20% Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate is the storage form of polysaccharides found in animals?

Glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sources provides glucose?

Fruits, honey, corn syrup Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of amylopectin compared to amylose?

More complicated and branched Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrate is lactose?

Disaccharide Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate is primarily found in backed starches?

Maltose Signup and view all the answers

Which polysaccharide is structured similarly to starch but is not used for energy storage?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of oligosaccharides?

They are formed when 3 to 10 simple sugars are linked together. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sugars is known as milk sugar?

Galactose Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between monosaccharides in disaccharides?

Glycosidic bond Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about polysaccharides is true?

They consist of large molecules of monosaccharides connected together. Signup and view all the answers

Which disaccharide is composed of glucose and fructose?

Sucrose Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of storage polysaccharides?

They contain only alpha-glucose units. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an alpha bond from a beta bond in carbohydrates?

An alpha bond has the OH group below the ring plane. Signup and view all the answers

Where are oligosaccharides commonly found?

In many plants Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of chewing during digestion?

To increase surface area for enzyme action Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of starch is typically broken down in the mouth?

5% Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the digestion of starch in the stomach?

Enzymatic action on starch continues only within the bolus. Signup and view all the answers

What is true about cellulose in the human digestive system?

Cellulose provides fibers necessary for water absorption in the large intestine. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during mechanical digestion in the stomach?

Churning food into chyme Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme action is significant during carbohydrate digestion in the mouth?

Ptyalin from saliva Signup and view all the answers

What function does the pancreas serve in the digestive process?

It produces and secretes pancreatic juice. Signup and view all the answers

When is the action of enzymatic digestion halted during carbohydrate digestion?

When chyme enters the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the digestion process in the small intestine?

It involves action by intestinal gland enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

What triggers muscle contractions for egestion in the large intestine?

Expansion of muscle walls due to cellulose Signup and view all the answers