Podcast
Questions and Answers
Qual es le primo nivel de structura in un proteina?
Qual es le primo nivel de structura in un proteina?
Qual es un exemplo de un proteina biologic important?
Qual es un exemplo de un proteina biologic important?
Qual structura include interacciones intermediume e ligamines covalente inter aminoacidos?
Qual structura include interacciones intermediume e ligamines covalente inter aminoacidos?
In quale structura proteinica se forma helices alpha e pleated sheets?
In quale structura proteinica se forma helices alpha e pleated sheets?
Signup and view all the answers
Qual es le correct definition del structura quaternaria?
Qual es le correct definition del structura quaternaria?
Signup and view all the answers
Quo es un proteina conjugata?
Quo es un proteina conjugata?
Signup and view all the answers
Quale de le sequente es un exemplo de proteina conjugata?
Quale de le sequente es un exemplo de proteina conjugata?
Signup and view all the answers
Que tipos de ligamines stabilisa le structure tertiara de un proteina?
Que tipos de ligamines stabilisa le structure tertiara de un proteina?
Signup and view all the answers
Qual es un caracteristica de le structure quaternaria de un proteina?
Qual es un caracteristica de le structure quaternaria de un proteina?
Signup and view all the answers
Que resulta de hydrolyse un proteina conjugata?
Que resulta de hydrolyse un proteina conjugata?
Signup and view all the answers
Quale ligamine non contribuite a le stabilization de structure tertiara?
Quale ligamine non contribuite a le stabilization de structure tertiara?
Signup and view all the answers
Qual tipo de grupo non-proteico se pote encontrar in le proteina conjugata?
Qual tipo de grupo non-proteico se pote encontrar in le proteina conjugata?
Signup and view all the answers
Quale assertion es falsa riguardante le proteina conjugata?
Quale assertion es falsa riguardante le proteina conjugata?
Signup and view all the answers
In le context de structura proteic, qual es ver con le ligamines secundari?
In le context de structura proteic, qual es ver con le ligamines secundari?
Signup and view all the answers
Quale description es falsa respecto al struttura quaternaria?
Quale description es falsa respecto al struttura quaternaria?
Signup and view all the answers
Quot amino acid es opticamente activ?
Quot amino acid es opticamente activ?
Signup and view all the answers
Quel amino acid non ha un carbono assimetrico?
Quel amino acid non ha un carbono assimetrico?
Signup and view all the answers
Como se describe l'attività optica de amino acidos?
Como se describe l'attività optica de amino acidos?
Signup and view all the answers
Quo es l'assimetria in amino acidos?
Quo es l'assimetria in amino acidos?
Signup and view all the answers
Quante formas opticamente activas un amino acid puede presentar?
Quante formas opticamente activas un amino acid puede presentar?
Signup and view all the answers
Qual es le description de le structure tertiara in proteinas?
Qual es le description de le structure tertiara in proteinas?
Signup and view all the answers
Que causa le formation del structure tertiara?
Que causa le formation del structure tertiara?
Signup and view all the answers
Qual forma pote apparer como parte del structure tertiara?
Qual forma pote apparer como parte del structure tertiara?
Signup and view all the answers
Qual es le relation inter le structure secundari e tertiari de un polipeptide?
Qual es le relation inter le structure secundari e tertiari de un polipeptide?
Signup and view all the answers
Que indica le complexitate del structure tertiari?
Que indica le complexitate del structure tertiari?
Signup and view all the answers
Quale amino acid contine un grupo imidazole?
Quale amino acid contine un grupo imidazole?
Signup and view all the answers
Quale amino acid es classify como un amino acid basic?
Quale amino acid es classify como un amino acid basic?
Signup and view all the answers
Quale amino acid es un precursor de serotonina?
Quale amino acid es un precursor de serotonina?
Signup and view all the answers
Quale amino acid es considerat un amino acid acidic?
Quale amino acid es considerat un amino acid acidic?
Signup and view all the answers
Quale option describe le struttura de proline?
Quale option describe le struttura de proline?
Signup and view all the answers
Quale amino acid es un derivato de glutamic acid?
Quale amino acid es un derivato de glutamic acid?
Signup and view all the answers
Quale gruppo es trovat in arginine?
Quale gruppo es trovat in arginine?
Signup and view all the answers
Quale amino acids es metabolicamente significant pro le synthesisation de urea?
Quale amino acids es metabolicamente significant pro le synthesisation de urea?
Signup and view all the answers
Quale amino acid ha un grupo NH2 que stabilisce su classification como basic?
Quale amino acid ha un grupo NH2 que stabilisce su classification como basic?
Signup and view all the answers
Quale amino acid non contine un gruppo carboxyl in su estrutura?
Quale amino acid non contine un gruppo carboxyl in su estrutura?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Protein Chemistry
- Proteins are polymers of amino acids, with more than 50 linked by peptide bonds.
- Amino acids are organic acids with an amino group (NH₂). About 300 exist in nature, but only 20 polymerize in protein structures within mammals.
- All amino acids in mammals are L-amino acids and are alpha-amino acids. D-amino acids are found in bacterial cell walls.
- The R group differentiates the 20 amino acids, influencing their chemical behaviour.
- Amino acids categorize into neutral, acidic, and basic groups based on their chemical structure, each with distinct features. Neutral amino acids have one amino and one carboxyl group. Acidic have two carboxyl and one amino group. Basic have two amino and one carboxyl group.
- Neutral amino acids subcategory includes aliphatic (e.g., Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine), hydroxy (e.g., Serine, Threonine), and aromatic (e.g., Phenylalanine, Tyrosine).
- Sulfur-containing amino acids include Cysteine and Methionine.
- Heterocyclic amino acids are complex ring-containing structures, such as Histidine and Tryptophan.
- Acidic amino acids include Glutamic acid and Aspartic acid.
- Basic amino acids include Lysine, Ornitine, Hydroxylysine, and Arginine.
- Essential amino acids are not synthesized in the body; they must be ingested. Animal and plant proteins are essential sources. Essential ones include Valine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Phenylalanine, Methionine, and Arginine. Histidine is sometimes considered essential.
Classification of Amino Acids
- Amino acids can be categorized based on chemical, biological, or metabolic properties.
Protein Classification
-
Biological classification
- High biological value proteins: Animal and certain plant proteins with all essential amino acids in balanced amounts, are easily digestible. (Examples: milk, eggs, liver, fish, meat, lentils, broad beans)
- Low biological value proteins: Plant proteins, lacking one or more essential amino acids, or having very low amounts, often difficult to digest.
-
Axial Ratio Classification
- Fibrous proteins: High length-to-width ratio; stable; found structurally in hair, skins, and muscular tissue. (Examples: keratin, myosin)
- Globular proteins: Low length-to-width ratio; less stable than fibrous proteins; found in solutions and involve transport, metabolic regulation, etc.. (Examples: albumin, insulin)
-
Composition Classification
- Simple proteins: Hydrolysis yields only amino acids (Examples: Albumin, Globulins)
- Conjugated proteins: Proteins combined with a non-protein group (prosthetic group). (Examples: Phosphoproteins [casein], Lipoproteins [plasma lipoproteins], Glycoproteins, Metalloproteins [ferritin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin], Nucleoproteins [formed from nucleic acid], Chromoproteins [hemoglobin])
- Derived proteins: Denatured or degraded forms of proteins. (Examples: Gelatin, peptones, polypeptides)
Protein Structure
- Primary structure: Linear sequence of amino acids held by peptide bonds.
- Secondary structure: Local folding of the polypeptide chain held by hydrogen bonds into alpha-helices or beta-pleated sheets.
- Tertiary structure: Three-dimensional structure of the entire polypeptide chain, stabilized by disulfide bonds and secondary bonds. These bonds form a complex network.
- Quaternary structure: The final arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains (subunits) in a functional protein complex, often stabilized by secondary bonds.
Protein Properties
- Denaturation: Loss of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (sometimes partially reversible), often by physical stressors (heat, agitation) or chemical agents (acids, bases, organic solvents).
- Bonds: Peptide bonds (strong, resist denaturation), disulfide bonds (secondary, strong but denatured prone), hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions.
Additional Notes
- Glutathione, a tripeptide (glutamic, cysteine, glycine), has crucial biological functions, including activating enzymes and serving as an antioxidant.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explora la estructura y clasificación de aminoácidos, los bloques de construcción de las proteínas. Aprende sobre los grupos de aminoácidos, como los neutros, ácidos y básicos, y cómo su R grupo influencia su comportamiento químico. Este cuestionario cubre aspectos esenciales de la química de proteínas y la diversidad de aminoácidos en los mamíferos.
