Questionnaire Design III: Presentation and Layout

Questions and Answers

What is a requirement for creating effective answer options?

They must be mutually exclusive and exhaustive. (correct)

They should be complex and detailed.

They should include vague terms.

They can have overlapping choices.

What is a potential consequence of using imprecise words in questions?

Greater accuracy in responses.

Higher range of error, possibly 20 to 30 percent. (correct)

Increased engagement.

Reduced range of error.

Which format is NOT a type of closed question?

Rating scale

Numeric open end (correct)

Multiple choice

Yes/No

Which question type encourages a broad range of responses?

Open format Signup and view all the answers

How should answer options be structured?

Follow a vertical order. Signup and view all the answers

When should a question include a 'don't know' option?

When respondents are likely to have no opinion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a closed question?

How much do you drink in a week? Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using simple language in questions?

It increases respondent understanding. Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for a well-designed questionnaire to ensure it effectively answers the research question?

Minimizing potential sources of bias Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key ethical responsibility of a researcher during an interview?

Safeguarding the story teller by maintaining the research's purpose Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a suggested practice for reducing bias in a questionnaire?

Keeping questions vague to avoid bias Signup and view all the answers

Which consideration is included in Patton's checklist for ethical issues in qualitative research?

Reciprocity between researcher and participants Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is a fundamental characteristic of variables in research?

They are the characteristics measured and about which data is collected Signup and view all the answers

What should researchers do to maintain emotional awareness during interviews?

Be prepared for participants to disclose sensitive information Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is recommended to increase the likelihood of a questionnaire being completed?

Keeping the questions simple and appropriate Signup and view all the answers

What aspect should researchers actively maintain with their participants throughout the study?

Trust and clear communication Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant problem to avoid when crafting survey questions?

Asking two questions at once Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a problematic question due to ambiguity?

Have you ever had stomach ache and diarrhoea? Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to avoid jargon or slang in survey questions?

It could confuse respondents who are unfamiliar with the terms Signup and view all the answers

What is a method to simplify data entry in questionnaires?

Pre-code the questionnaire responses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following response formats is NOT an example of a closed question?

How would you describe your last vacation? Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided in survey options to ensure clarity?

Using not mutually exclusive options Signup and view all the answers

Which type of questioning can lead respondents toward a desired answer?

Leading questions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a numerical scale in surveys?

It helps quantify subjective opinions more easily Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of presentation and layout in questionnaire design?

Adequate space to answer questions Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy should be avoided when designing a questionnaire layout?

Employing fancy logos and imagery Signup and view all the answers

What is one recommended practice for organizing questions in a questionnaire?

Order items from easy to difficult Signup and view all the answers

What type of question should be asked at the beginning of a questionnaire?

Simple closed-format questions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a guideline for the format of questions in a questionnaire?

Define key terms when necessary Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to avoid unnecessary information in questionnaire content?

It can sidetrack respondents from the main question Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of using color in a questionnaire?

It might increase engagement and readability Signup and view all the answers

When should filter questions be used in a questionnaire?

To ensure all questions are relevant to the respondent Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a ratio variable?

Exam Mark (%) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a nominal variable?

It categorizes data without a meaningful order. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of variable is Age (yrs) classified as?

Interval Signup and view all the answers

The process of reorganizing raw data into a machine-readable format is known as what?

Coding Signup and view all the answers

Which variable type allows for both categorical and ordered data?

Ordinal Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a variable to have a true zero point?

It indicates an absence of the measured attribute. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is classified as a dichotomous variable?

Gender Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a step in analyzing quantitative data?

Making subjective interpretations Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Questionnaire Design Variables

Consider content, format, presentation, and layout for effective questions.
Develop a coding schedule if necessary.

Presentation and Layout

Utilize a clear, consistent layout with adequate space for answers and large font sizes.
Ensure appropriate page breaks and simplicity by avoiding complex designs and unnecessary logos.
Color usage or colored paper can enhance engagement.
Filter questions should be included when needed.
Provide clear instructions for how to answer questions.

Best Practices for Layout

Maintain an aesthetically pleasing and easy-to-read appearance.
Formulate questions to be short, simple, relevant, and logically structured to promote high response rates.

Organizing Questions

Organize questions from easy to difficult, general to specific, and factual to abstract.
Be mindful of the placement of sensitive questions to avoid ordering effects.
Begin with simple, closed-format questions that are relevant but non-offensive.

Question Content and Focus

Ensure questions are clear, focused on research goals, and avoid unrelated information.
Collect demographic and contact information when anonymity is not a concern.

Formatting Questions

Tailor questions to the audience’s background, ensuring clarity and simplicity.
Define key terms to avoid confusion, and offer a “don’t know” option.
Ask one piece of information per question, using mutually exclusive and exhaustive answer options.

Accuracy and Objectivity

Use precise language to minimize error and avoid vague terms.
Construct objective questions, steering clear of ambiguity and leading language.

Question Formats

Closed questions provide forced choices (e.g., yes/no), while open questions allow for free text responses.
Various formats include multiple-choice, rating scales, and numerical scales.

Coding Schedule

Pre-coding facilitates faster data entry and analysis.
Common coding examples include assigning numbers to demographic options (e.g., Male = 1, Female = 2).

Common Problems and Pitfalls

Avoid double-barreled questions, ambiguity, jargon, and non-mutually exclusive choices.
Prevent leading questions to preserve data integrity.

Best Practices for Surveys

A well-designed questionnaire yields reliable data and reduces bias, enhancing validity.
Short and focused questions improve participant engagement and completion rates.

Ethical Considerations

Maintain the ethical integrity of research by establishing trust with participants, ensuring informed consent, and committing to confidentiality.
Ethical responsibilities include reciprocal relationships and respectful engagement with the study population.

Understanding Variables

Define variables as characteristics measured in research.
Distinguish between different types of variables (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) and their respective measurements.

Dealing with Data

Organize data in numerical form for efficient computer analysis and summarization into tables or graphs.
Implement coding to transform raw data into a machine-readable format, enhancing analysis ease.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the principles of designing effective questionnaires, specifically highlighting the aspects of presentation and layout. It covers essential criteria such as consistent design, readability, and appropriate formatting, ensuring respondents can easily understand and answer questions. Test your knowledge on best practices for questionnaire design.